History of UK Devolution and Local Governance

The United Kingdom, which is a constitutional kingdom governed by parliamentary democracy, has a unitary structure, but places great emphasis on regional governance and decentralization.Central government holds the powers of legislative, executive and judicial powers; transfers some of its executive powers to local government units. In the post-1980 period, transformations in the administrative field were instigated with the reform efforts towards local governments. The introduction of elected mayors, inspired by the European and American experience, into the English local political landscape has brought an additional dimension to political representation and new electoral opportunities for the voters to make judgements on their local political leaders. The purpose of this study is to reveal the ongoing development of local authorities in England to the present day, through the lens of the historical perspective. In this context, thos paper discusses the emergence of local governments in the development process, how the structural situation was handled and where it is located and dealt with the variability and examined in the academic literature.

Keywords:

United Kingdom, Local Goverment, Mayoral Government Local Leadership,

PDF

___

A. G. Toth, “The Principle of Subsidiary in the Maastricht Traety”, Common Market Law Review, Volume:29, Issue:6, pp. 1079- 1107, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1992.
Bach, Stephen; Ian Kessler, The Modernisation of the Public Services and Employee Relations Targeted Change, Palgrave, Macmillan, 2012.
Berts, Graeme, Local Government and Inequalities in Healt; Aldershot: Avebury,1993.
Birch, Anthony Harold, The British System of Government, London: Routledge, 1998.
Blair, Tony, Leading the Way: A New Vision for Local Government, London: Institute of Public Policy Research, 1998.
Bruce, Maurice, The Rise of the Welfare State: English Social Policy, 1601-1971, London: Cox- Wyman, 1973.
Çezik, Asuman, İngiliz Mahalli İdareleri içinde Büyük Londra İdaresi GLC (Greater London Council) ve Çalışmaları. Yayın No:1710-SPD:319, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı; 1980.
Clarke, Susan E., (1993). “The New Localism: Local Politics In a Global Era”, The New Localism, Comparative Urban Politics in a Global Era, Ed. Goetz, S.E. Clarke, London, Sage Publication, 1993.
Cochrane, Allan, Whatever Happened to Local Government? Buckingham UK: Open University Press, 1993.
Çoker, Ziya, Türk Mahalli İdarelerinin Sorunları Açısından İngiliz Mahalli İdareleri, Yayın No:6, Ankara: T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Tetkik Kurulu,1970.
Communities and Local Government Committee, “Localism” Third Report of Session 2010-12”, Volume I: Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence, House of Commons (9 May 2011), London: The Stationanary Office Limited.
Communities and Local Government Committee, Localism: Third Report of Session, 2010.
Copus, Colin, Leading the Localities, Executive Mayors in English Local Governance, Manchester University Press, UK., 2013.
Davies, Jonathan S., The New Localism. The Oxford Handbook of British Politics.Edt. M. Flinders, A. Gamble, C. Hay and M. Kenny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Davies, Steve, Taking Stock: The Future of Public Library Service, London: Unison, 2008.
Davis, Howard, “Quangos and local Government: A Changing World” Local Government Studies, 22:2, 1996.
Davis, Howard, The Fragmentation of Community Government: Enabling or Disabling Local Government; Chocies for the Future Ed. Steve Leach-Howard Davis, Buchingam, Open University Press, 1996.
Davis, John, Central Government and the Towns in the Urban History of Britain, M. Daunton (ed), Volume IIII 1840-1950, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Evans, Mark; Marsh, David; Stoker, Gerry, “Understanding Localism”, Policy Studies, 34:4, 401-407, 2013.
Fenwick John; Elcock, Howard, “Elected Mayors: Leading Locally?”, Local Government Studies, 40:4, 581-599, 2014.
Flynn, Norman, “A Mixed Blessing? How The Contract Culture Works”; Sweet Charity; The Role and Workings of Voluntary Organizations: (Ed. C. Hanvey - T. Philpot); Routledge,1996.
Flynn, Norman; Leach, Steve; Vielba, Carol A., Abolition or Reform: The GLC and the Metropolitean County Councils, London: Macmillan, 1985.
Jones, G.W., “Local Government in Great Britain, 1988-89”, Local Government and Urban Affairs in International Perspective, Ed. Joachim Jens Hesse, Baden- Baden: Namos Verlag, 1991.
Kavruk, Hikmet, Anakent’e Bakış Türkiye’de Anakent Belediyeciliği ve Kent Hizmetlerinin Yönetimi, Ankara: Hizmet-İş Sendikası, 2002.
Kırchner, Christian, “Competence Catalogues and the Principle of Subsidiarity in A European Constitution”, Constitutional Political Economy, C.8, S.1, March, 1997.
Kösecik Muhammet, “4 Mayıs 2000 Büyükşehir Belediyesi Seçimlerinin Getirdikleri: Londra’da Yeni Dönem”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, Cilt: 9, Sayı:3, Temmuz, 2000.
Kösecik, Muhammet, “Yerel ve Bölgesel Yönetimler Açısından Avrupa Birliği Bütünleşme Süreci ve Anayasası”, Avrupa Perspektifinde Yerel Yönetimler, Ed. Hüseyin Özgür ve Bekir Parlak, Alfa Aktüel, Bursa, 2006.
Lansley, Stewart; Goss, Sue; Wolmar, Christian, Councils in Conflict: The Rise and Fall of the Municipal Left, London: Macmillan, 1989.
Le Grand, J. “Paying for or Providing Welfare”, The Cost of Welfare; (Ed. Nicholas Deakin- Robert Page); Avebury: Aldershot, 1993.
Localism, Comparative Urban Politics in a Global Era, Ed. G. Goetz, S.E. Clarke, London: Sage Publications, 1993.
Lowndes, Vivien; Sullivan, Helen, “Like a Horse and Carriage or a Fish on a Bicycle?” Local Government Studies, 30:1, 2004.
Lutz, Preuss, Addressing Sustainable Development Through Public Procurement: The Case of Local Government, Emerald Group Publishing, 2009.
Maud, Redcliff; Wood, Bruce, English Local Government Reformed, Oxford University Press, 1976.
Michael Goldsmith, “The Europeanisation of Local Government”, Urban Studies, Edinburgh, Scotland, C. 30, 4/5, pp. 683-99, 1993.
Nashold, Frieder. New Frontier in Public Sector Management: Trends and Issues in State and Local Government in Europe; Translated by Andrew Watt, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.
Nirmala; Rao, Towards Welfare Pluralism, Darmouth: Aldershot, 1996.
Padfield, Colin F., Byrne, Frank Tony, Social Services, Oxford: Made Simple Books, 1990.
Painter, Joe; Dominelli, Lena; Macleod, Gordon; Orton, Andrew; Pande Raksha, Connecting Localism & Community Empowerment, Research Review and Critical Synthesis for the ARHC Connected Community Programme Project Report, Durham University, 2011.
Pickvance, Chriss, The Difficulty of Control and The Ease of Structural Reform. British Local Government in the 1980’s; State Restructuring and Local Power; A Comparative Perspective; (Ed. Chriss Pikvance-Edmond Preteceille); London: Pinter Publisher,1991.
Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 2, No. 4, The Academy of Political Science, p.638. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i311087
Pratchett, Lawrens, “Local Autonomy, Local Democracy and the 'New Localism” Political Studies, Volume: 52, Issue:2, pp. 358-375, 2004.
Walsh, Kieron, Public Services and Market Mechanism: Competition, Contracting and New Public Management, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Wilson, David; Game, Chris, Local Government in the United Kingdom, Fifth Edition, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Yıldırım; M. Ali, “Tarihi Gelişim içinde İngiliz Mahalli İdareleri”, Türk İdare Dergisi, Yıl:62, sayı:389, Aralık, Ankara, ss.167-196, 1990.
Jenny Clark; David Kane; Karl Wilding; Jenny Wilton, UK Civil Society Almanac” (NCVO, 2010); “Civil Society” in the UK., https://ncvo-app-wagtail-mediaa721a567-uwkfinin077j.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/ncvo-uk-civil-society-almanac-2010-small.pdf
David Cane, James Allen, Counting the Cuts, The Impact of Spending Cuts on the UK VoluntaryandCommunitySector,https://www.ncvo.org.uk/images/documents/policy_and_research/funding/counting_the_cuts.pdf
http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/local-government
http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/budget-2018-documents/budget-2018
http://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hmtreasury/publicsector/finans/bulletin/national
http:// www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/nhs-services/gps/gp-online-services/departments
http:// almanac.fc.production.ncvocloud.net/sector-finances/ UK Civil Society Almanac 2020, Data/Trends/Insights-almanac
http://www. Local Government Association, Local Authority Services/Lga.gov. Uk / lga / aio / 15142112
http://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/housng-and-land/ what -we-do/health
http://www.london.gov.uk /about-us/jobs-and-working-city-hall
Fact Sheet; Spatial Planning and Urban Renewal in London, Legislative Council Secratariat http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr07-08/english/sec/library/0708fs09-e.pdf
http://www.london.gov.uk/government/publications/local-leadership-new-approaches-improving-the-health-communities
http://www.services.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/102pdf
http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/who-runs-london/london-elections/elected-mayors