Süs Balıkları Yetiştiriciliği Uygulamalarında Zemin Materyali Olarak Farklı Boyutlarda Diyatomitin Amonyak Tutmasına Etkisinin Araştırılması
Dört farklı boyuttaki diatomitin su parametreleri üzerine olan etkilerinin incelendiği çalışma neticesinde, elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde özellikle balıkçılık açısından son derece öneme sahip olan amonyak değerlerinin optimum sınırlarda olmasına olumlu katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Deneme, balık ve havalandırma olmayan 3 tekerrürlü 5 grup olarak düzenlenmiştir. Denemenin yürütüldüğü plastik akvaryumlarda her bir tekerrüre 500 ml çeşme suyu, 0.5 g (%47,5 ham protein, %6,5 ham yağ, %2 selüloz, %6 nem) ve 3’er g farklı boyutlardaki diatomitlerden (kontrol grubu hariç) konulmuştur. Denemenin sonundaki ortalama su parametre değerleri incelendiğinde su sıcaklığı, çözünmüş oksijen ve pH değerlerinde istatistiki olarak bir fark tespit edilmemiştir (P>0.05). NH4 ve TAN değerlerinde ise gruplar arasında istatistiki olarak belirlenen farkın önemli olduğu bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Diatomitli grupların amonyum değerleri kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında sırasıyla D1, D2, D3 ve D4 gruplarında %25.27, %28.62, %31.82 ve %34.45 oranında daha düşük değerlerde olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak farklı boyutlardaki diatomitler; pH ve çözünmüş oksijen gibi önemli su parametrelerine olumsuz bir etki yapmamış, fazla miktarları zararlı olabilecek amonyak gibi su parametreleri üzerine olumlu yönde etki göstermiştir.
Investigation of the Effect of Different Sizes of Diatomite as Substrate Material on Ammonia Adsorption for Ornamental Fish Culture Practices
As a result of the study, where the effects of four different sizes of diatomite on water parameters were examined, it was determined that when the obtained findings were evaluated, it contributed positively to the optimum limits of ammonia values, which are extremely important in aquaculture. The investigation was conducted in 5 groups with 3 replications without fish and aeration. Plastic aquariums of each replication, in which the experiment was carried out, contained 500 ml of tap water, 0.5 g of fish feed (47.5% crude protein, 6.5% crude oil, 2% cellulose, 6% moisture), and 3 g of different-sized diatomites (excluding the control group). When the mean water parameter values at the end of the experiment were examined, no statistical difference was found in terms of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH values (P>0.05). On the other hand, the statistical differences between the groups in terms of NH4 and TAN values were found to be significant (P<0.05). When the ammonium values of the diatomite groups were compared with the control group, 25.27%, 28.62%, 31.82%, and 34.45% lower values were observed in the D1, D2, D3, and D4 groups, respectively. As a result, diatomites in different sizes did not alter important water parameters such as pH and dissolved oxygen while they displayed a positive effect on water parameters, of which excess amounts can be harmful, such as ammonia.
___
- Cao, T., Xie, P., Ni, L., Wu, A.P., Zhang, M., Wu, S.K.
& Smolders, A.J.P. (2007). The role of NH4+
toxicity in the decline of the submersed
macrophyte Vallisneria natans in lakes of the
Yangtze River basin, China. Mar. Freshw. Res.
58, 581–587. DOI: 10.1071/MF06090
- Chow C.W.K., Davey D.E. & Mulcahy D.E. (1997). An
intelligent sensor system for the determination of
ammonia using flow injection analysis. Lab Auto
and Inf Manag., 33, 17-27.
- Emerson, K.R.C., Russo, R.E. & Thurston, R.V. (1975).
Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations:
effect of pH and temperature. Journal of the
Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 32, 2379-
2383. (In: EPA, 1999. Ambient Water Quality
Criteria for Ammonia. United States
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-822-R:
99-104).
- EPA. (1999). Ambient water quality criteria for ammonia.
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
EPA-822-R: 99-104.
- Hlordzi, V., Kuebutornye, F.K.A., Afriyie, G., Abarike,
E.D., Lu, Y., Chi, S. & Anokyewaa, M.A.
(2020). The use of Bacillus species in
maintenance of water quality in aquaculture: a
review. – Aquaculture Reports, 18, 100503. DOI:
10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100503
- Hu, Z., Zheng, S., Li, J., Zhang, S., Liu, M., Wang, Z.,
Li , J. & Sun, H. (2022). Pore structure and
surface properties of diatomite with mechanical
grinding and its influence on humidity control.
Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process., 58(6), DOI:
10.37190/ppmp/153509
- Huang, J., Kankanamge, N.R.,Chow, C., Welsh,
D.T.,Li, T. & Teasdale, P.R. (2017). Removing
ammonium from water and wastewater using
cost-effective adsorbents: A review. Journal of
Environmental Sciences, 63, 174-197
- Ivanov, S.E. & Belyakov, A. V. (2008). Diatomite and its
applications. Glass and Ceramics, 65(1-2). DOI:
10.1007/s10717-008-9005-6.
- Jorgensen, T.C. (2002). Removal Of Ammonia From
Wastewater By Ion Exchange In The Presence Of
Organic Compounds. A Thesıs Presented For The Degree Of Master Of Engineering In Chemical &
Process Engineering, Department of Chemical &
Process Engineering University of Canterbury
Christchurch, New Zealand, 174p.
- Kibria, G., Nugegoda, D., Fairclough, R. & Lam, P.
(1997). The nutrient content and the release of
nutrients from fish food and faeces.
Hydrobiologia, 357, 165-171.
- Ortiz, I.A.S., Bastos, R.K.X., Lanna, E.A.T., Santana,
F.F.V., Teixeira, T.C. & Matta, S.L.P. (2022).
Evaluation of acute toxicity of ammonia in
Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia.
Aquaculture Reports, 27, 101325. DOI:
10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101325
- Medarevic, D., Losic, D. & Ibric, S. (2016). Diatoms –
nature materials with great potential for
bioapplications. Hemijska Industrija, 70(6), 613-
627. DOI: 10.2298/
- Noferesti, H., Sayyari-Zahan, M.H. & Moghadam, H.B.
(2018). Investigating the role of diatomite
admixing on the water absorption and retention
capacity of the soil. Proceedings of the
International Academy of Ecology and
Environmental Sciences, 8(3), 183-193.
- Öz, M., Şahin, D., Yılmaz, E. & Öz, Ü. (2022). The
potential applicability of natural minerals as filter
media for modulating water quality in aquatic
ecosystems. Applied Ecology And Environmental
Research 20(5), 4145-4155. DOI:
10.15666/aeer/2005_41454155.
- Prajapati, S. (2014). Cation exchange for ammonia
removal from wastewater. Master of Science
Thesis, Tampere University of Technology,
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering.
- Purwono Rezagama, A., Hibbaan, M. & Budihardjo,
M.A. (2017). Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) and
Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4+-N) Equilibrium on
The Process of Removing Nitrogen By Using
Tubular Plastic Media. J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 8
(S), 4915-4922.
- Qi, Y., Wang, X. & Cheng, J.J. (2017). Preparation and
characteristics of biosilica derived from marine
diatom biomass of Nitzschia closterium and
Thalassiosira. Chinese Journal of Oceanology
and Limnology, 35(3), 668-680. DOI:
10.1007/s00343-017-5329-9
- Şahin, D., Öz, M., Sertaşı, E., Öz, Ü., Karslı, Z. & Aral,
O. (2019). Adsorption process of ammonium by
natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) from aqueous
solution for aquaculture application. Journal of
Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research,
5(2), 136-141. DOI: 10.17216/limnofish.420380
- Yıldız, N. (2008). Diatomite: A New Substrate for
Hydroponics. International Meeting on Soil
Fertility Land Management and Agroclimatology.
Turkey, 2008. p:527-536.
- YSI. (2007). YSI Professional plus user manual, 79p.
Tokat, S. (2019). Gördes (Mmanisa) zeolit ocaklarının
kimyasal bileşenlerinin xrf spektrometrik yöntem
ile belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kastamonu
Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 88 p. (in
Turkish).
- Zong, P., Makino, D., Pan, W., Yin, S., Sun, C., Zhang,
P., Wan, C. & Koumoto, K. (2018). Converting
natural diatomite into nanoporous silicon for eco-
friendly thermoelectric energy conversion.
Materials & Design, 154(15), 246-253. Doi:
10.1016/j.matdes.2018.05.042.