Gebelik ve Laktasyon Döneminde Probiyotiklerin Kullanımı ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Gebelik ve laktasyon, beslenme gereksiniminin arttığı özel süreçlerdir. Maternal diyet; annenin ve besin ögesi depolarının, gelişen fetüsün ve laktasyonunun gereksinimini karşılamak için yeterli enerji ve besinlere sahip olmasını sağlamalıdır. Emzirme döneminde anne sütünün besin ögesi bileşimi bebeği korumayı ön plana alarak annenin diyetinden az etkilenmekte özellikle protein, yağ, karbonhidrat ve diğer besin ögeleri anne diyetinde eksik bile olsa anne sütündeki miktar yeterli kalmaktadır. Ancak bebeği olumsuz etkilemeyen bu durum, annenin depolarında yetersizliğe ve sonuçta annenin zarar görmesine neden olur. Bu nedenle emzirme süreci de dengeli beslenme açısından önemli bir dönemdir. Gerekli durumlarda takviyelerle desteklenmelidir. Probiyotikler, yeterli miktarda alındığında konağın sağlığını olumlu yönde etkileyen canlı mikroorganizmalardır. Probiyotik kullanımının hem anne hem de bebek üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğunu gösteren birçok çalışma vardır. Annede preterm doğum, gestasyonel diyabet, bakteriyel vajinozis gibi sağlık sorunları üzerinde olumlu etkileri görülmektedir. Bebeklik ve çocuklukta ise atopik dermatit, alerjik hastalıklar, nekrozitan enterokolit gibi hastalıklara karşı önemli etkileri görülmektedir. Gebelikte ve laktasyonda kullanımlarının riskli olduğu düşünülse de artan araştırmalar sonucunda probiyotik kullanımının sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından önerildiği ve toplum tarafından benimsendiği görülmektedir. Bu yazıda, probiyotiklerin olası sağlık etkilerinden yola çıkarak gebelik ve laktasyon döneminde kullanımları, olumlu etkileri ve güvenilirlikleri üzerine güncel literatür bilgileri derlenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Probiyotikler, gebelik, laktasyon, beslenme

Use Of Probiotics In Pregnancy And Lactation Periods And Effects On Health

Pregnancy and lactation are special processes that increase nutritional requirements. The maternal diet should ensure that maternal and nutrient depots have enough energy and nutrients to meet the needs of the developing fetus and lactation. During the breastfeeding period, the nutritional composition of the mother has little effect on the mother's diet, especially when the protein, fat, carbohydrates and other nutritional factors are lacking in the maternal diet. However, this does not adversely affect the baby, causing inadequate maternal storage and ultimately damaging the mother. For this reason, breastfeeding is also an important period in terms of balanced nutrition. If necessary, they should be supported by the supplements. Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when taken in sufficient quantities, affect the health of the environment in a positive way. There are many studies showing that the use of probiotics have positive effects on both mother and baby. There are positive effects on health problems such as preterm labor, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis. In infancy and childhood, significant effects are seen against diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic diseases, necrozian enterocolitis. Although it is considered that pregnancy and lactation use is risky, increasing researches suggest that the use of probiotics is recommended by health professionals and adopted by society. This article reviews and interprets current literature on the use, positive effects and safety of pregnancy and lactation from the possible health effects of probiotics.

Keywords:

Probiotics, pregnancy, lactation, nutrition,

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