Adölesan Gebelerin Gebelik ve Anneliğe Uyumları

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, adölesan gebelerin gebelik ve anneliğe uyumlarını ve bu uyumu etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma, İzmir’de bir Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Hastanesinin Gebe Polikliniğine başvuran, 19 yaş ve altında ve 25 haftadan büyük gebeliği olan 92 adölesan gebeyle yürütülmüştür. Veriler “Gebe Tanıtım Formu” ve “Prenatal Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Kruskal-Wallis testi, Mann Whitney U testi ve Spearman Korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamına alınan adölesan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 18,14±1,00 (Min:14, Max:19) olup, %44,6’sının ortaokul mezunu olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan adölesanların gebelik ve anneliğe uyum puan ortalamalarının (152,93±28,78) yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Adölesan gebelerin gebelik haftaları ile Prenatal Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin yalnızca “eşi ile ilişkisinin durumu” alt ölçeği puan ortalaması arasında zayıf ve negatif yönde bir ilişki belirlenmiştir (r =-0,215 p=0,039). Yaş, eğitim düzeyi, gelir düzeyi, gebelik sayısı, gebeliğe bağlı bedenlerinde oluşan değişiklikler, eşlerinden destek alma durumuna göre Prenatal Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği toplam ve alt ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Buna karşın adölesan gebelerin anne olacağını ilk duyduklarında anne olmakla ilgili hisleri, anneliğe hazır olma ve bilgi alma durumları, kaygı varlığı, doğum sonrası destek olacak kişilerin varlığı ve gebeliğe uyum ve anne olmaya ilişkin kendini tanımlama durumlarının toplam ve alt ölçek puan ortalamalarını etkilediği belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmaya katılan adölesan gebelerin, gebelik ve anneliğe uyumları yetişkin gebelerin incelendiği çalışmalardan yüksektir. Katılımcıların bilgi alma durumları, kaygı varlığı, doğum sonrası destek olacak kişilerin varlığı ve gebeliğe hazır oluşluk ve uyum açısından kendilerini tanımlama durumları bu döneme uyumu etkilemektedir. Gebelerin bilgi düzeyini artıracak eğitim ve danışmanlık verilmesi, kaygı varlığı ve doğum sonrası destek olabilecek kişilerin varlığının sorgulanarak adölesan gebenin doğru şekilde yönlendirilmesi gebeliğe uyumu artırabilecek girişimler arasında sayılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Adölesan, adölesan gebelik, annelik, uyum, Adolescent, pregnancy in adolescence, motherhood, adaptation

Adaptation to Pregnancy and Motherhood in Pregnant Adolescents

Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the adaptation of adolescent pregnant women to pregnancy and motherhood, and the factors affecting this adaptation. Material and Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 92 pregnant women aged 19 years and younger, and with a pregnancy greater than 25 weeks, who applied to the pregnant outpatient clinic of a gynecology and obstetrics hospital in Izmir. Data were collected using the Pregnant Identification Form and the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman Correlation Test. Results: The mean age of the pregnant adolescents in the study was 18.14±1.00, and 44.6% of them were secondary school graduates. It was determined that the adolescent pregnant women who participated in the study had a high level of adaptation to pregnancy and motherhood (total mean scale score: 152.93±28.78). A weak and negative correlation was found between only the gestation weeks of pregnant adolescents and the average score of "status of the relationship with the spouse” subscale of the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. No significant difference was found between total and subscale average scores according to age, education level, income level, number of pregnancies, changes in their body due to pregnancy, and support from their spouses (p>0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that adolescent pregnant women's feelings about being a mother when they first heard that they were going to be a mother, their readiness for motherhood and their status of getting information, the presence of anxiety, the presence of postpartum supporters, and their self-definition of adaptation to pregnancy and becoming a mother affected the total and subscale score averages ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Adolescent pregnant women participating in the study have a high adaptation to pregnancy and motherhood. The state of getting information, the presence of anxiety, the presence of people who will provide support after the birth, and the state of self-definition in terms of readiness for pregnancy and adaptation affect this. Providing education and counseling that will increase the level of knowledge of pregnant women, questioning the presence of anxiety and the presence of people who can provide postpartum support, and directing the adolescent pregnant correctly can be counted among the interventions that can increase the compliance with pregnancy.

Keywords:

Adolescent, pregnancy in adolescence, motherhood, adaptation,

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