Sabri Serhan OLCAY, Nilüfer AYKAÇ, Pınar BOSTON, Berker ÖZTÜRK

5019

COVID-19 Pandemisinin Etkisiyle Birlikte İstanbul’da Son Beş Yılın Hava Kirliliği Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Partikül madde, kükürt dioksit, ozon ve nitrojen oksit bileşikleri temel hava kirleticileridir. Bu makalede İstanbul’un 5 yıllık hava kalitesi değerlendirmesi ve pandemi nedeniyle uygulanan fiziki hareket kısıtlamalarının kirleticiler üzerine olan etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmada Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı’nın kamuoyuna açık verileri kullanıldı. 2016-2020 yılları arasında İstanbul’da trafik yoğunluğunun neden olduğu temel kirleticiler olan partikül madde ve nitrojen bileşikleri analiz edildi. Bir yıl içinde ölçüm yapabildiği gün sayısı yüzdesi %75 ve üzeri değere ulaşan istasyonların verileri kullanıldı. Araştırmaya temel olan günlük PM10, NO2ve NOxkirleticilerinin, 2016 yılından 2020 yılına dek 5 yıllık ölçüm verileri, İstanbul ili sınırları içerisinde ölçüm yapabilen tüm istasyonlarda 24 saatlik ortalamalar temel alınarak değerlendirildi. COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle 2020 yılı Nisan ve Mayıs aylarında gerçekleşen fiziki hareketliliği kısıtlama uygulamaları günlerindeki kirletici düzeyleri, her bir istasyon özelinde, 2019 ve 2020 yılları kıyaslanarak ayrıca değerlendirildi. Bulgular: 2016-2018 yılları arasında 12, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında 39 adet istasyonda partikül madde ve nitrojen oksit bileşikleri ölçümü yapıldığı; bir yıl içinde ölçüm yapabildiği gün sayısı yüzdesi %75 ve üzeri değere ulaşan istasyon sayısının 9 adet olduğu tespit edildi. Son beş yıllık kirletici ölçümleri değerlendirildiğinde; araştırmaya dahil edilen 9 istasyonun tamamında, PM10, NO2ve NOxkirletici ölçümlerinin, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün belirlediği sınır değerleri aştığı saptandı. COVID-19 kapsamında 2020 yılında uygulamaya konulan iki günlük fiziki hareket kısıtlamalarının kirleticiler üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi izlenmedi. Ancak 23-26 Nisan, 1-3 Mayıs ve 23-26 Mayıs tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen kapanma dönemlerinde partikül madde, nitrojen oksit ve nitrojen dioksit konsantrasyonlarında sırasıyla ortalama %33,4, %59,6 ve %52,6 oranında düşüş saptandı. Sonuç: İstanbul’daki hava kirliliği beş yıllık dönemde anlamlı ve belirgin bir azalma göstermemiştir. Son yıllarda özellikle trafik kirliliğini ölçmede yetersizlik mevcuttur. COVID-19 önlemleri çerçevesinde uygulamaya konulan iki günden uzun süreli ve etkili fiziki hareket kısıtlamaları hava kirleticilerinin konsantrasyonunda belirgin düşüşe yol açtığı tespit edilmiştir.

Five-Year Analysis of Air Pollution in Istanbul Including Also the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen oxide compounds are the main air pollutants. The purpose of this research is to analyze the five-year air quality of Istanbul and examine the effect of movement restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic on pollutants. Method: The public data of the National Air Quality Observation Network has been utilized. The research has been conducted based on the five-year daily averages of PM10, NO2 , and NOxpollutants for Istanbul between 2016-2020. The data of stations which measured for 75% and more throughout the year has been used. The effect of lockdowns enforced due to COVID-19 was revealed by comparing data of pollutants from April and May of 2020 to the same period in 2019. Results: There were 12 stations between 2016-2018, and 39 stations in 2019 and 2020 which measured particulate matter and nitrogen oxide compounds. Only 9 stations reached the standard of measuring pollution for 75% and more throughout the year. The PM10, NO2 , and NOx levels measured by all the 9 stations between 2016-2020 are above the limit values set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The lockdowns in 2020 have not been helping improvements in air pollution issue. However, there have been regressions of 33.4%, 59.6%, and 52.6% in the overall average particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, and nitrogen dioxide concentrations during the lockdowns between 23-26 of April, 1-3 of May, and 23-26 of May, respectively. Conclusion: The air pollution issue in Istanbul has not improved in a meaningful and significant manner for the last five years. There is a significant deficiency in measuring traffic pollution. It has been found that two days long lockdowns and physical movement restrictions due to COVID-19 have significantly contributed to a significant regression in the overall concentration of air pollutants.
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İzmir Göğüs Hastanesi Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-4115
  • Başlangıç: 1986
  • Yayıncı: Ali Cangül
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