Tanenler 1 kimyasal yapıları, farmakolojik etkileri, analiz yöntemleri

Tanenler bitkilerde doğal olarak bulunan polifenollerdir. Asıl özellikleri proteinlere bağlanmak ve çöktürmek olan tanenler, insanlar ve hayvanlar tarafından tüketilen birçok gıda ve yemin besleyici değeri üzerinde büyük etkiye sahiptirler. Bitkilerin içerdikleri tanen miktarı hayvanlar için faydalı olabilecek seviyelerden toksisite oluşumuna ve ölüme yol açabilecek düzeylere kadar değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu makalede tanenlerin kimyasal yapıları, tanen içeren bitki türleri, farmakolojik etkileri ve analiz yöntemlerine değinilmiştir.

Chemical structure, pharmacological effects, analysis methods

Tannins are naturally occuring plant polyphenols. The main characteristics of tannins are that they bind and precipitate proteins, they can have a large influence on the nutritive value of many food and foodstuff eaten by humans and animals. The amount of tannins and their effects on animals range from beneficial to toxicity and death. In this review, chemical structure of tannins, plant species containing tannins, their pharmacological effects and the analysing methods of tannins are discussed.

___

  • 1.Akiyama, H., Fujii, K., Yamasaki, O., Oono, T., Iwatsuki, K.: Antibacterial action of several tannins against Staphylococcus aureus. J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001; (48):487-491
  • 2.Banerjee, A., Dasgupta, N., De, B.: In vitro study of antioxidant activity of Syzgium cumini fruit. Food Chemistry, 2005; 90, 727- 733
  • 3.Baser, C.H.K.: Fonksiyonel gıdalar ve nutrasötikler. 14. Bitkisel ilaç hammaddeleri toplantısı, Bildiriler, 29-31 Mayıs 2002, Eskişehir.
  • 4.Baytop, T.: Türkiye' de Bitkilerle Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün). İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları No:3255, Eczacılık Fakültesi No:40, 1984; 93, 167, 169, 195, 275, 327-330, 357,382, 420.
  • 5.Ben Salem, H., Nefzaoui, A., Makkar, H.P.S., Hochlef, H., Ben Salem, I., Ben Salem,L.: Effect of early experience and adaptation period on voluntary intake, digestion and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. Foliage) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005; 122: 59-77.
  • 6.Ben Salem, H., Saghrouni, L., Nefzaoui, A.: Attemps to deactivate tannins in fodder shrubs with physical and chemical treatments. Animal feed science and technology, 2005, 122: 109-121
  • 7.Bhat, K.T., Singh, B., Sharma O.: Microbial degradation of tannins- Acurrent perspective. Biodegradation, 1998, 9: 343-357
  • 8.Cannas, A.: Tannins: fascinating but sometimes dangerous molecules. Animal Science,Cornell University.www.abc.coiTiell.edu/plants/toxicagents/tannin/index.html
  • 9.Dığrak, M., İlcim, A., Alma, H., Şen, S.: Antimicrobial Activites of the Extracts of Various Plants (valex, mimosa bark, gallnut powders, Salvia sp. and Phlomis sp.). Tr. J. of Biology,1999; 23: 241-248
  • 10.Goel, G., Puniya, A.K., Aguilar, Singh, K.: Interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds. Naturwissenschaften, 2005; (92): 497-503
  • 11.Gutteridge, R.C., Shelton, H.M.: Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. Department of Agriculture The University of Queensland, Tropical Grassland Society of Australia Inc., 1998
  • 12.Hagerman, E.A., Butler, G.L.: Protein Precipitation Method for the Quantitative Determination of Tannins. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry., 1978; 26 (4): 809-812.
  • 13.Hagerman, E.A., Kobbins, T.G., Weerasuriya, Y., Wilson, C.T., Mcarthur, C: Tannin chemistry in relation to digestion. Journal of Range Management, 1992; 45 (1): 57-62.
  • 14.Hagerman, E.A.: Radial diffusion method for determining tannin in plant extracts. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1987; 13 (3): 437-449.
  • 15.Hatano, T., Kusudo, M., İnada, K., Ogawa, T., Shiota, S., Tsuchiya, T., Yoshida, T: Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Phytochemistry, 2005, 66:2047-2055
  • 16.Kamalak, A., Canbolat, Ö., Gürbüz, Y., Özay, O., Erer M., Özkan. Ç.Ö.: Kondanse Taninin Ruminant Hayvanlar Üzerindeki Etkileri Hakkında Bir İnceleme. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 2005; 8(1): 132-137
  • 17.Makkar, H.P.S.: Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 2003; (49): 241-256
  • 18.Min, B. R., Hart S. P.: Tannins for suppression of internal parasites. J. Anim. Sci., 2003; 81(E. Suppl. 2): E102-E109
  • 19.Min, B.R., Barry, T.N., Attwood, G.T., McNabb, W.C.: The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003; (106): 3-19
  • 20.öktel, N.M.: Farmakoloji, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları: 114, Yeni Desen Matbaası, 1959; 197-200.
  • 21.Radeleff, R.D.: Veterinary Toxicology. Philadelphia, Lea&Febiger, 1970; 33
  • 22.Rubanza, C.D.K., Shem, M.N., Otsyina, R., Bakengesa, S.S., Ichinohe, T., Fujihara,T.:Polyphenolics and tannins effect on in vitro digestibility of selected Acacia species leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005; 119: 129-142
  • 23.Schofield, P., Mbugua, D.M., Pell, A.N.: Analysis of condensed tannins: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001; (91): 21-40
  • 24.Silanikove, N., Perevoltsky, A., Provenza, F.D.: Use of tannin-binding chemicals to assay for tannins and their negative postingestive effects in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001; 91: 69-81
  • 25.Şener, S., Yıldırım, M.: Veteriner Toksikoloji. Teknik Yayıncılık, 2000; 221-223.
  • 26.Yılmaz, O.: Quercus petraea subsp. iberica yapraklarındaki total fenolik bileşik miktarı üzerine mevsimsel değişikliklerin etkisi. Y.Y.Ü. Vet.Fak.Derg., 1994; 5(1-2): 29-34