Kamusal Mekânları Kendileme ve Zamansal Deneyim Arasındaki İlişkiler: Transaksiyonel Bir Keşif Çalışması

Bu çalışmanın amacı (1) mekânı kendilemenin nasıl gerçekleştiğini incelemek ve (2) mekânı kendileme sürecindeki farklılıklar ile zamansal deneyim arasındaki ilişkileri keşfetmektir. Örneklem Van kent merkezinde ikamet etmekte olan 14 katılımcıdan (Kadın = 6; Erkek = 8) oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara ölçüt (kriter) örnekleme ve kartopu örnekleme teknikleri ile ulaşılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler şablon analizi aracılığıyla çözümlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, mekânı kendileme sürecinin transaksiyonel bütünlükteki dört görünüşün (psikolojik süreçler, zamansal nitelikler sosyal çevre ve fiziksel çevre) kapsadığı özdeşim, anlam, duygu, sahiplenme, tanıdıklık, kullanım özellikleri, dönüştürücülük, yönelim, mekânın ritmi, sosyallik ve ortam alt görünüşlerinden meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Kamusal mekânları kullanım örüntüleri ise bu mekânlara dair iki yönelim (“İşlevselciler” ve “Gönülden Bağlılar”) etrafında şekillenmektedir. Kendileme süreçleri ve zamanın algılanan geçiş hızı arasındaki ilişkiler ele alındığında bu süreçler standart zamansal birim başına düşen deneyim yoğunluğunu artırıcı bir rolde işlev görüyorsa, zaman yavaş geçiyor şeklinde algılanmaktadır. Kendileme süreçleri, standart zamansal birim başına düşen deneyim yoğunluğunu azaltıcı bir rolde işlev görüyorsa, zaman hızlı geçiyor şeklinde algılanmaktadır. Ancak kendileme süreçleri, standart zamansal birim başına düşen deneyim yoğunluğunu olağan düzeyde tutmaya yardım ediyorsa, zaman normal akışında algılanmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, kendileme süreçlerinin deneyim çeşitliliğine olanak sağlayan çok yönlü ve dinamik yapısını öne çıkarmaktadır. Bu durum ise bu süreçlerin transaksiyonel bütünlükteki dört görünüş arasındaki karmaşık ilişkilere göre işlev gördüğüne işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mekânı kendileme, Zamansal deneyim, Transaksiyonel yaklaşım, Şablon analizi

The Relationships Between Appropriating Public Spaces and Temporal Experience: A Transactional Exploratory Study

The aim of this study is (1) to examine how space appropriation takes place and (2) to explore the relationships between the differences in space appropriation and temporal experience. The sample consists of 14 participants (six females and eight males) in Van, Türkiye who were reached using the criterion sampling and snowball sampling methods. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were analyzed through a template analysis. The results show that space appropriation to consist of the sub-aspects of identification, meaning, emotion, ownership, familiarity, usage features, transformativeness, orientation, space rhythm, sociability, and physical environment, which are covered by the following four aspects of transactional unity: psychological processes, temporal qualities, social environment, and physical environment. The patterns of public space usage are shaped according to the orientations toward these spaces. These patterns were gathered under two themes: functionalists and emotionally attached individuals. When considering the relationships between appropriation and the perceived passage of time, time is perceived to pass slowly when appropriation functions with the role of increasing the density of experience per standard temporal unit. Time is perceived as passing quickly if appropriation functions with the role of reducing the intensity of experience per standard temporal unit. Time is perceived to flow normally (i.e., have synchronicity) when appropriation helps to keep the density of experience per standard temporal unit at a normal level. These results highlight appropriation to have a multifaceted and dynamic structure that allows for a variety of experiences. This also indicates appropriation to function according to the complex relationships among the four aspects of transactional unity.

Keywords:

Space appropriation, Temporal experience, Transactional approach, Template analysis,

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