ORTADOĞU'DA DİKTATÖRLÜK SONRASI SEÇİM SİSTEMİ TASARIMI MISIR VE IRAK
Bu makalede Ortadoğu'da diktatörlük rejimi sonrası geçiş döneminde seçim sistemi tasarımı bağlamında Irak ve Mısır incelenmektedir. Bu ülkelerde rejim değişikliğini serbest ve adil seçimler izlemiştir. Ancak her iki ülke de 2014 sonu itibarıyla büyük bir belirsizlik içinde bulunmaktadır. Irak'ta seçim sistemi, orantısallığı yüksek oranda gözeten bir şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu, ülkedeki farklı mezhepsel ve etnik kimliklerin parlamentoda adil biçimde temsilini sağlamış, ancak bir yandan da siyasal gruplaşmaların etnik/mezhepsel kimliklerin izdüşümü olmasına yol açmıştır. Mısır'da ise nispi temsilin uygulandığı çevrelerden orantısal bir sandalye dağılımı çıkmış, ancak dar bölgelerde İslamcılar oy oranlarından daha yüksek oranda sandalye kazanmıştır. Bu da parlamentoda net bir üstünlük sağlamalarına katkıda bulunmuştur.
POST-DICTATORSHIP ELECTORAL SYSTEM DESIGN IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE CASES OF EGYPT AND IRAQ
This article analyses Egypt and Iraq in the context of the electoral system design during the postdictatorial transition process. Regime changes in both countries were followed by free and fair elections. However, as of late 2014 both countries are in a heavy state of uncertainty. The Iraqi electoral system was designed so as to materialize a high level of proportionality. On the one hand, this made the fair representation of different ethnic, religious and sectarian groups in the parliament possible. On the other,it made political groupings nothing but the reflection of the ethnic and sectarian identities. In the districts where the PR applied in Egypt the seat distribution proved to be proportional, however in the single member districts the Islamists won a much larger proportion of seats than their vote share. This contributed to their dominance in the parliament.
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- ISSN: 1303-1260
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
- Yayıncı: İstanbul Üniversitesi