Kadınlara Yönelik Her Türlü Şiddet ve Ayrımcılığı Hukukun Kesişen Adaletsizlikleri Üzerinden Okumak

Bu makalede, kesişimselcilik teorisinin gelişimi, kapsamı ve teoriye yöneltilen eleştiriler ele alınmaktadır. Kesişimselcilik teorisi feminist çalışmaların temel araçlarından biri olmasına karşın, Türkiye’yi ele alan literatürde kesişen sosyal adaletsizliklerin kadınların insan hakları üzerindeki etkisine çok az dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bu makalede, kesişimselcilik teorisinin uluslararası insan hakları hukukuna yansımasının sosyo-hukuki analizi yapılmakta ve teorinin Türkiye bağlamında uygulanabilirlik alanları tespit edilmektedir. Makalede kadınların insan hakları ihlallerinin sosyo-hukuki, kesişimselci ve ampirik bir analizine olanak sağlayan alan olarak kadınlara yönelik her türlü şiddet ve ayrımcılık üzerinde durulmakta ve metodolojik öneriler sunulmaktır. Son olarak, kesişimselci bir analizin, araştırmacılara hak ihlallerinin sosyolojik, kültürel, ekonomik nedenlerini karar mercilerine ileterek sosyal değişime katkı sağlamalarına imkân verdiği ileri sürülmektedir.

Understanding All Forms of Violence and Discrimination Against Women: A Call for an Intersectional Analysis

This article examines the development of the intersectionality theory, together with its various implications and perils. Despite the fact that intersectionality is regarded as a vital tool in feminist scholarship, there has been little emphasis on the intersection of social divisions and their effects on women’s rights. Consequently, this essay provides a socio-legal analysis of the incorporation of the intersectional theory into international human rights law and explores its potential application in Turkey. It focuses on the different types of violence and discrimination against women, carrying out a socio-legal, intersectional, and empirical analysis of the violation of women’s human rights. It offers methodological recommendations, concluding that by enabling researchers to share with decision makers their findings of sociological and cultural reasons behind such violations, an intersectional analysis allows the researcher to contribute to social change.

___

  • Atrey, Shreya. (2018a). The Intersectional Case of Poverty in Discrimination Law. Human Rights Law Review, 18(3), 411-440. google scholar
  • -------. (2018b). Comparison in Intersectional Discrimination. LegalStudies, 38(03), 379-395. google scholar
  • Atrey, S., Fredman, S., & University of Oxford. (2015). Realising intersectionality in discrimination law. google scholar
  • Bakırcı, Kadriye. (2015). İstanbul Sözleşmesi. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 4, 133-204. google scholar
  • Bilge, Sırma. (2010). Recent Feminist Outlooks on Intersectionality. Diogenes, 57(1), 58-72. google scholar
  • ———. (2013). Intersectionality Undone. Saving Intersectionality from Feminist Intersectionality Studies. Du Bois Review, 10(2), 405-424. google scholar
  • Carbado, Devon W., Crenshaw Kimberle, Vickie M. Mays, and Barbara Tomlinson. (2013). Intersectionality. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 10(02), 303-312. google scholar
  • Cho, Sumi, Crenshaw Kimberle, and Leslie McCall. (2013). Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 38(4), 785-810. google scholar
  • Chow, Pok Yin S. (2016). Has Intersectionality Reached its Limits? Intersectionality in the UN Human Rights Treaty Body Practice and the Issue of Ambivalence. Human Rights Law Review, 16(3), 453-481. google scholar
  • Clark, Colin, Dee Matthew, and Vicki Burns. (2018). Power, Privilege and Justice: Intersectionality as Human Rights? The International Journal of Human Rights, 22(1), 108-126. google scholar
  • Cole, Barbara Ann. (2009). Gender, Narratives and Intersectionality: Can Personal Experience Approaches to Research Contribute to “Undoing Gender”? International Review of Education, 55(5-6), 561-578. google scholar
  • Conaghan, Joanne. (2009). Intersectionality and the Feminist Project in Law. In E. Grabham, D. Cooper, J. Krishnadas, & D. Herman (Eds.), Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location (pp. 21-48). Routledge-Cavendish. google scholar Crenshaw, Kimberle. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Law Review, 139-167. google scholar
  • ———. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299. google scholar
  • de Beco, G. (2017). Protecting the Invisible: An Intersectional Approach to International Human Rights Law. Human Rights Law Review, 17(4), 633-663. google scholar
  • Enloe, Cynthia. (2016). Globalization and Militarism: Feminists Make the Link. Rowman & Littlefield. google scholar
  • Ertürk, Şükran, and Demet Özdamar (2009). Kadınlara Karşı Şiddet ve Ayrımcılık. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 1169-1268. google scholar
  • Family Health International, Mack, N., Woodsong, C., United States, & Agency for International Development. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide. FLI USAID. google scholar
  • Fredman, Sandra., European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers, & European Network of Legal Experts in Gender Equality and Non-discrimination. (2016). Intersectional Discrimination in EU Gender Equality and Non-discrimination Law. Publications Office. google scholar
  • Guest, Greg, Emily E. Namey, and Marilyn L. Mitchell. (2013). Collecting Qualitative Data: A Field Manual for Applied Research. SAGE Publications, Ltd. google scholar
  • Harris, Phill. (2010). Curriculum Development in Legal Studies. The Law Teacher, 20(2), 110-123. google scholar
  • Helma Lutz. (2015). Intersectionality as Method. DiGeSt. Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies, 2(1-2), 39-44. google scholar
  • Hooks, bell. (1981). Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. South End Press. google scholar
  • Hull, Gloria T., Patricia Bell-Scott, and Barbara Smith. (1982). All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies. Feminist Press. google scholar Jennifer. C. (2008). Re-Thinking Intersectionality. FeministReview, 89, 1-15. google scholar
  • Johanna. E. (2003). International Intersectionality: A Theoretical and Pragmatic Exploration of Women’s International Human Rights Violations. Emory Law Journal., 52(71), 71-186. google scholar
  • Jordan-Zachery, Julia S. (2007). Am I a Black Woman or a Woman Who Is Black? A Few Thoughts on the Meaning of Intersectionality. Politics & Gender, 3(02), 254-263. google scholar
  • Kagan, Robert. (1995). What Socio-Legal Scholars Should Do When There is Two Much Law to Study. Journal of Law and Society, 140-148. google scholar
  • Kathy Davis. (2008). Intersectionality as Buzzword: A Sociology of Science Perspective on What Makes a Feminist Theory Successful. Feminist Theory, 9(1), 67-85. google scholar
  • La Barbera, MariaCaterina, and Marta Cruells Lopez. (2019). Toward the Implementation of Intersectionality in the European Multilevel Legal Praxis: B. S. v. Spain. Law & Society Review, 53(4), 1167-1201. google scholar
  • McCall, Leslie. (2005). The Complexity of Intersectionality. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30(3), 1771-1800. google scholar
  • Moroğlu, Nazan. (2012). Kadına Yönelik Şiddetin Önlenmesi 6284 Sayılı Yasa ve İstanbul Sözleşmesi. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 99, 357-380. google scholar
  • Rodriguez, Jenny K. (2018). Intersectionality and Qualitative Research. In C. Cassell, A. Cunliffe, & G. Grandy, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Business and Management Research Methods: History and Traditions (pp. 429-461). SAGE Publications Ltd. google scholar
  • Sancar, Serpil, and Nermin Abadan-Unat (Eds.). (2011). Birkaç Arpa Boyu--: 21. yüzyıla Girerken Türkiye’de Feminist Çalışmalar: Prof Dr. Nermin Abadan Unat’a Armağan (1. baskı). Koç Üniversitesi. google scholar
  • Simonovic, Dubravka. (2014). Global and Regional Standards on Violence against Women: The Evolution and Synergy of the CEDAW and Istanbul Conventions. Human Rights Quarterly, 36, 590-606. google scholar
  • Sokoloff, Natalie J. (2008). The Intersectional Paradigm and Alternative Visions to Stopping Domestic Violence: What Poor Women, Women of Color, and Immigrant Women Are Teaching Us about Violence in the Family. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 34(2), 153-185. google scholar
  • Sosa, Lorena. (2017). Intersectionality in the Human Rights Legal Framework on Violence against Women: At the Centre or the Margins? Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Truscan, Ivona, and Joanna Bourke-Martignoni. (2016). International Human Rights Law and Intersectional Discrimination. The Equal Rights Review, 16, 103-131. google scholar
  • Uygur, Gülriz. (2016). Kadına Yönelik Şiddeti Önlemede Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliğinin Önemi. Dini Araştırmaları Kadın Özel Sayısı, 209-227. google scholar
  • Winker, Gabriele, and Nina Degele. (2011). Intersectionality as Multi-level Analysis: Dealing with Social Inequality. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 18(1), 51-66. google scholar
  • Yuval-Davis, Nira. (2006). Intersectionality and Feminist Politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193-209. google scholar
  • https://www.escr-net.org/sites/default/files/CEDAW-C-49-D-17-2008.pdf google scholar
  • https://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/jurisprudence.htm google scholar
  • https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/kefe/belge/uluslararasi_belgeler/ayrimcilik/CEDAW/tavsiye_ kararlari/CEDAW%20Komitesi%20Tavsiye%20Kararlar%C4%B1_(1-29).pdf google scholar
  • http://www.cocukhaklariizleme.org/wp-content/uploads/BMCHK-Genel-Yorum-9-Engelli-Cocuk.pdf google scholar
  • http://ihop.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/ESKHKGY20.pdf google scholar
  • https://www.reed.edu/cres/assets/Combahee-River-Collective,-Black-Feminist-Statement,-How-We-Get-Free---Taylor.pdf google scholar
  • https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6284.pdf google scholar