SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR REKABET AVANTAJININ KAYNAĞI: ENDÜSTRİ TEMELLİ TEORİ VE KAYNAK TEMELLİ TEORİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE1

Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajının iktisat teorisinden, yönetim teorisine kadar geçen süreç içerisindeki evrimi incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı bu süreç içerisinde rekabet avantajının kaynağının ne olduğu sorusuna ilişkin teorik çerçevede cevap aranmasıdır. Rekabet kavramının Adam Smithin Ticaret Teorisiyle uluslararası rekabetçilik alanında başlayan çalışmaları, 1970li yıllarda stratejik yönetim literatüründe yer almaya başlamıştır. Sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı ile ilgili ilk araştırmalar ise, firmaların başarı veya başarısızlığında hem iç çevre hem de dış çevreye eşit önem verilmiştir. Ardından sektörel yapının önemini vurgulayan Endüstri Temelli Teori geliştirilmiştir ve asıl dikkati dış çevreye yöneltmiştir. Sonrasında içsel organizasyonel kaynak ve yeteneklere odaklanılarak Kaynak Temelli Teori ortaya atılmıştır. Tüm bu süreç içerisinde sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajının kaynağına ilişkin çeşitli bakış açıları oluşmuştur. Çalışmada 1970li yıllarda başlayıp 2000li yıllara kadar geçen süre içerisindeki, Endüstri ve Kaynak Temelli Teori ve modelleri çerçevesinde rekabet avantajının kaynağı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak rekabet avantajının kaynağını, Endüstri Temelli Teori firmanın içinde bulunduğu sektör ve sektör yapısıyla açıklamaktadır. Kaynak Temelli Teori ise firmanın sahip olduğu kaynak ve yeteneklerin ve bu kaynak ve yeteneklerin özelliklerin rekabet avantajı getirdiğini belirtmektedir.

SOURCE OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A FRAMEWORK BASED ON INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION THEORY AND RESOURCE-BACED THEORY ABSTRACT

This study investigate that evolution of sustainable competitive advantage from economic theory to management theory. The objective of this study is to determine of what the source of competitive advantage in the theoretical framework in this process. The studies of the concept of competition which is began in the field of international competitiveness with Adam Smith's trade theory, has been started on the strategic management literature in the 1970s. First researches with regard to sustainable competitive advantage, had given equivalent attention to both their internal and external environments in the successes and failures of firms. Then emphasizing the important of sectoral structure Industrial Organization Theory, has been developed and the actual attention has been given their external environments. And then emphasizing internal organizational resources and skills, Resource-Based Theory presented. About the source of sustainable competitive advantage within this whole process is composed of a variety of perspectives. This study have attempted to explain the source of competitive advantage in the framework based on Industrial Organization Theory and Resource-Based Theory in the period from 1970s to 2000s. As a result, according to Industrial Organization Theory, the source of competitive advantage is determined by the structure of its industry and its industry. According to Resource-Baced Theory emphasize that competitive advantage is gained by firm s own resources and skills and their resources and skills characteristics.

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