Variations on Crisis Leadership in Business and Public Administration: A Bibliometric Analysis

Variations on Crisis Leadership in Business and Public Administration: A Bibliometric Analysis

Crises are disruptive events that represent a threat to the existence of organizations, making the study of leadership a core component of crisis management. Crisis leadership focuses on preparing organizations for and surviving crises, as well as leading thereafter. This comprehensive framework has led to several disciplines addressing crisis leadership. While there is a substantial body of literature on crisis leadership, there is a lack of bibliometric research that compares and contrasts the conceptual characteristics and intellectual patterns of the two most essential management disciplines, business and public administration. To address this gap, bibliometric methods were applied to assess the academic performance and trends, to disclose the variations in intellectual patterns, and to identify the conceptual roots of both domains. In addition to the descriptive study of performance metrics, the analytical results reveal that conceptual foundations vary considerably and are intellectually reflected by variations. The research offers readers with a road map and implications for future research.

___

  • Acedo, F. J., & Casillas, J. C. (2005). Current paradigms in the international management field: An author co-citation analysis. International Business Review, 14(5), 619-639. google scholar
  • Andersen, J. A. 2010. ‘‘Public Versus Private Managers: How Public and Private Managers Differ in Leadership Behavior.’’ Public Administration Review 70(1): 131-141. google scholar
  • Alam, M. A. (2020). Leading in the shadows: understanding administrative leadership in the context of COVID-19 pandemic management in Bangladesh. International Journal of Public Leadership, 17(1), 95-107. google scholar
  • Ansell, C., Boin, A., & Keller, A. (2010). Managing transboundary crises: Identifying the building blocks of an effective response system. Journal of contingencies and crisis management, 18(4), 195-207. google scholar
  • Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of public administration research and theory, 18(4), 543-571. google scholar
  • Ansell, C., S0rensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic as a game changer for public administration and leadership? The need for robust governance responses to turbulent problems. Public Management Review, 23(7), 949-960. google scholar
  • Aria M and Cuccurullo C (2017) bibliometrix: An R tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Infometrics 11: 959-975. google scholar
  • Austin, L. L., Liu, B. F., & Jin, Y. (2014). Examining signs of recovery: How senior crisis communicators define organizational crisis recovery. Public Relations Review, 40(5), 844-846 google scholar
  • Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leader- ship. Leadership Quarterly, 16, 315-338. google scholar
  • Awamleh, R., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Perceptions of leader charisma and effectiveness: The effects of vision content, delivery, and organizational performance. The leadership quarterly, 10(3), 345-373. google scholar
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173. google scholar
  • Bartsch, S., Weber, E., Büttgen, M., & Huber, A. (2020). Leadership matters in crisis-induced digital transformation: how to lead service employees effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Service Management, 32(1), 71-85. google scholar
  • Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance: Beyond expectations. New York: Free Press. google scholar
  • Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones, B. D. (1993). Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Behn, R. D. (1980). Leadership for cut-back management: The use of corporate strategy. Public Administration Review, 40(6), 613-620. google scholar
  • Bello-Gomez, R. A., & Sanabria-Pulido, P. (2021). The costs and benefits of duality: Colombia’s decentralization and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista de Administrado Pública, 55, 165-179. google scholar
  • Bhaduri, R. M. (2019). Leveraging culture and leadership in crisis management. European Journal of Training and Development. google scholar
  • Birkeland, M. S., Nielsen, M. B., Hansen, M. B., Knardahl, S., & Heir, T. (2017). The impact of a workplace terrorist attack on employees’ perceptions of leadership: A longitudinal study from pre-to post disaster. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(5), 659-671. google scholar
  • Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Meindl, J. R. (2004). Charisma under crisis: Presidential leadership, rhetoric, and media responses before and after the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(2), 211-239. google scholar
  • Boin, A., & Hart, P. T. (2003). Public leadership in times of crisis: mission impossible?. Public administration review, 63(5), 544-553. google scholar
  • Boin, A., Hart, P. T., & McConnell, A. (2008). Governing after crisis: The politics of investigation, accountability and learning. Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Boin, A., Hart, P. T., & McConnell, A. (2009). Towards a theory of crisis exploitation: Political and policy impacts of framing contests and blame games. Journal ofEuropean Public Policy, 16(1), 81-106. google scholar
  • Boin, A., Hart, P. T., McConnell, A., & Preston, T. (2010). Leadership style, crisis response and blame management: The case of Hurricane Katrina. Public Administration, 88(3), 706-723. google scholar
  • Boin, A., Kuipers, S., & Overdijk, W. (2013). Leadership in times of crisis: A framework for assessment. International Review ofPublic Administration, 18(1), 79-91. google scholar
  • Boin, A., Stern, E., & Sundelius, B. (2005). The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure. Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Bourantas, D., & Papalexandris, N. (1993). Differences in Leadership Behaviour and Influence Between Public and Private Organizations in Greece. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 4(4): 859-871. google scholar
  • Boyack, K. W., & Klavans, R. (2010). Co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and direct citation: Which citation approach represents the research front most accurately?. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 61(12), 2389-2404. google scholar
  • Boyne, G. A. (2002). Public and private management: what’s the difference?. Journal of management studies, 39(1), 97-122. google scholar
  • Bowers, M. R., Hall, J. R., & Srinivasan, M. M. (2017). Organizational culture and leadership style: The missing combination for selecting the right leader for effective crisis management. Business horizons, 60(4), 551-563. google scholar
  • Boyd, J. (2001). The rhetoric of arrogance: the public relations response of the Standard Oil Trust. Public Relations Review, 27(2), 163-178. google scholar
  • Bradford, S. C. (1948). Documentation. London, Crosby Lockwood. google scholar
  • Brandebo, M. F. (2020). Destructive leadership in crisis management. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(4), 567-580. google scholar
  • Bundy, J., Pfarrer, M. D., Short, C. E., & Coombs, W. T. (2017). Crises and crisis management: Integration, interpretation, and research development. Journal of management, 43(6), 1661-1692. google scholar
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row. google scholar
  • Caperchione, E., Salvatori, F., & Benghi, E. (2014). New development: Where there’s a will, there’s a way—acting beyond cutbacks. Public Money & Management, 34(2), 135-138. 10.1080/09540962.2014.887546. google scholar
  • Caringal-Go, J. F., Teng-Calleja, M., Franco, E. P., Manaois, J. O., & Zantua, R. M. S. (2021). Crisis leadership from the perspective of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. google scholar
  • Chambers, L., Drysdale, J., & Hughes, J. (2010). The future of leadership: A practitioner view. European Management Journal, 28(4), 260-268. google scholar
  • Chang W, Cheng J, Allaire J, et al. (2018) Shiny: Web Application Framework for R. google scholar
  • Christensen, T., & Legreid, P (2022). Scientization Under Pressure—The Problematic Role of Expert Bodies During the Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Public Organization Review, 1- 17. google scholar
  • Christensen, T., Legreid, P., & Rykkja, L. H. (2016). Organizing for crisis management: Building governance capacity and legitimacy. Public Administration Review, 76(6), 887-897. google scholar
  • Cobo, M. J., Lopez-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1382-1402. google scholar
  • Coget, J. F., Haag, C., & Gibson, D. E. (2011). Anger and fear in decision-making: The case of film directors on set. European Management Journal, 29(6), 476-490. google scholar
  • Coldwell, D. A. L., Joosub, T., & Papageorgiou, E. (2012). Responsible leadership in organizational crises: An analysis of the effects of public perceptions of selected SA business organizations’ reputations. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(2), 133-144. google scholar
  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of management review, 12(4), 637-647. google scholar
  • Comfort, L. K. (2007). Crisis management in hindsight: Cognition, communication, coordination, and control. Public Administration Review, 67, 189-197. google scholar
  • Comfort, L. K., Kapucu, N., Ko, K., Menoni, S., & Siciliano, M. (2020). Crisis decision-making on a global scale: Transition from cognition to collective action under threat of COVID-19. Public Administration Review, 80(4), 616-622. google scholar
  • Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate reputation review, 10(3), 163-176. google scholar
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory. Management communication quarterly, 16(2), 165-186. google scholar
  • Cosentino, A., & Paoloni, P. (2021). Women’s Skills and Aptitudes as Drivers of Organizational Resilience: An Italian Case Study. Administrative Sciences, 11(4), 129. google scholar
  • Dirani, K. M., Abadi, M., Alizadeh, A., Barhate, B., Garza, R. C., Gunasekara, N., ... & Majzun, Z. (2020). Leadership competencies and the essential role of human resource development in times of crisis: a response to Covid-19 pandemic. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 380-394. google scholar
  • Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296. google scholar
  • Dwiedienawati, D., Tjahjana, D., Faisal, M., Gandasari, D., & Abdinagoro, S. B. (2021). Determinants of perceived effectiveness in crisis management and company reputation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1912523. google scholar
  • Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532-550. google scholar
  • Ellegaard, O., & Wallin, J. A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact?. Scientometrics, 105(3), 1809-1831. google scholar
  • Fortunato, J. A., Gigliotti, R. A., & Ruben, B. D. (2018). Analyzing the dynamics of crisis leadership in higher education: A study of racial incidents at the University of Missouri. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(4), 510-518. google scholar
  • Farazmand, A. (2017). Learning from the Katrina crisis: A global and international perspective with implications for future crisis management. In Crisis and emergency management(pp. 461-476). Routledge. google scholar
  • Fiol, C. M., Harris, D., & House, R. (1999). Charismatic leadership: Strategies for effecting social change. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(3), 449-482. google scholar
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. google scholar
  • Frandsen, F., & Johansen, W. (2020). Advice on Communicating During Crisis: A Study of Popular Crisis Management Books. International Journal of Business Communication, 57(2), 260-276. google scholar
  • Galaz, V., Moberg, F., Olsson, E. K., Paglia, E., & Parker, C. (2011). Institutional and political leadership dimensions of cascading ecological crises. Public Administration, 89(2), 361-380. google scholar
  • Gardner, W. L., & Avolio, B. J. (1998). The charismatic relationship: A dramaturgical perspective. Academy of management review, 23(1), 32-58. google scholar
  • Glenn, J., Chaumont, C., & Dintrans, P. V. (2020). Public health leadership in the times of COVID-19: a comparative case study of three countries. International Journal of Public Leadership. google scholar
  • Grant-Smith, D. C. C., & Colley, L. K. (2018). Of ‘strong’ leadership, crisis communication, and pooper Scoopers: Change in the Queensland public service under Newman. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 77(2), 236-252 google scholar
  • Gruber, D. A., Smerek, R. E., Thomas-Hunt, M. C., & James, E. H. (2015). The real-time power of Twitter: Crisis management and leadership in an age of social media. Business Horizons, 58(2), 163-172. google scholar
  • Gumus, S., Bellibas, M. S., Esen, M., & Gumus, E. (2018). A systematic review of studies on leadership models in educational research from 1980 to 2014. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 25-48. google scholar
  • Hannah, S. T., Uhl-Bien, M., Avolio, B. J., & Cavarretta, F. L. (2009). A framework for examining leadership in extreme contexts. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(6), 897-919. google scholar
  • Hansen, J. R., & Villadsen, A. R. (2010). Comparing public and private managers’ leadership styles: Understanding the role of job context. International Public Management Journal, 13(3), 247-274. google scholar
  • Haslam, S. A., & Ryan, M. K. (2008). The road to the glass cliff: Differences in the perceived suitability of men and women for leadership positions in succeeding and failing organizations. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 530-546. google scholar
  • Hermann, C. F. (1963). Some consequences of crisis which limit the viability of organizations. Administrative science quarterly, 61-82. google scholar
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. google scholar
  • Hunt, J. G. (1999). Transformational/charismatic leadership’s tranformation of the field: An historical essay. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 129-144. google scholar
  • Hunt, J. G., Boal, K. B., & Dodge, G. E. (1999). The effects of visionary and crisis-responsive charisma on followers: An experimental examination of two kinds of charismatic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(3), 423-448. google scholar
  • Hutajulu, R. S., Susita, D., & Eliyana, A. (2021). The effect of digitalization and virtual leadership on organizational innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: A case study in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(10), 57-64. google scholar
  • Hwang, S., & Cameron, G. T. (2008). Public’s expectation about an organization’s stance in crisis communication based on perceived leadership and perceived severity of threats. Public Relations Review, 34(1), 70-73. google scholar
  • Hwang, S., & Cameron, G. T. (2009). The estimation of a corporate crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 136-138. google scholar
  • James, E. H., & Wooten, L. P. (2005). Leadership as (Un) usual:: how to display competence in times of crisis. Organizational dynamics, 34(2), 141-152. google scholar
  • James, E. H., Wooten, L. P., & Dushek, K. (2011). Crisis management: Informing a new leadership research agenda. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 455-493. google scholar
  • Kahn, W. A., Barton, M. A., & Fellows, S. (2013). Organizational crises and the disturbance of relational systems. Academy of Management Review, 38(3), 377-396. google scholar
  • Kaplan, S., LaPort, K., & Waller, M. J. (2013). The role of positive affectivity in team effectiveness during crises. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 473-491. google scholar
  • Kapucu, N. (2005). Interorganizational coordination in dynamic context: Networks in emergency response management. Connections, 26(2), 33-48. google scholar
  • Kapucu, N. (2006). Interagency communication networks during emergencies: Boundary spanners in multiagency coordination. The American review of public administration, 36(2), 207-225. google scholar
  • Kapucu, N., & Van Wart, M. (2006). The evolving role of the public sector in managing catastrophic disasters: Lessons learned. Administration & Society, 38(3), 279-308. google scholar
  • Karine Pereira, A., Silva Oliveira, M., & da Silva Sampaio, T. (2020). Asymmetries of state government social distancing policies in the face of COVID-19: political and technical- administrative aspects. RAP: Revista Brasileira de Administrado Pública, 54(4). google scholar
  • Kashmiri, S., Nicol, C. D., & Arora, S. (2017). Me, myself, and I: influence of CEO narcissism on firms’ innovation strategy and the likelihood of product-harm crises. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 633-656. google scholar
  • Khan, A., & Ahmad, W. (2013). Leadership, business Schools and Financial Crises: The search for a missing link. The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 19(1), 47-64. google scholar
  • Kiefer, T., J. Hartley, N. Conway, and R. B. Briner. 2015. “Feeling the Squeeze: Public Employees” Experiences of Cutback- and Innovation Related Organizational Changes following a National Announcement of Budget Reductions.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25 (4): 1279-1305. google scholar
  • Kim, J., Oh, H. J., & Ham, C. D. (2022). The Impact of the CSR-Embedded Crisis Response: The Role of Values Congruence between Leadership Styles and CSR Motives. Management Communication Quarterly, 36(1), 92-123. google scholar
  • Kingdon, J. W., & Stano, E. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies (Vol. 45, pp. 165169). Boston: Little, Brown. google scholar
  • Knox, C. C., Goodman, D., Entress, R. M., & Tyler, J. (2022). Compounding Disasters and Ethical Leadership: Case Studies from Louisiana and Texas. Public Integrity, 1-19. google scholar
  • Kovacs, A., Van Looy, B., & Cassiman, B. (2015). Exploring the scope of open innovation: a bibliometric review of a decade of research. Scientometrics, 104(3), 951-983. google scholar
  • Kulich, C., Iacoviello, V., & Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (2018). Solving the crisis: When agency is the preferred leadership for implementing change. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(2), 295-308. google scholar
  • Lager, J. M. (2010). Governments demand compliance, ethics demands leadership. Journal of Public Affairs, 10(3), 216-224. google scholar
  • Langhof, J. G., & Gueldenberg, S. (2021). Whom to serve? Exploring the moral dimension of servant leadership: answers from operation Valkyrie. Journal of Management History. google scholar
  • Lee, S., Hwang, C., & Moon, M. J. (2020). Policy learning and crisis policy-making: Quadruple-loop learning and COVID-19 responses in South Korea. Policy and Society, 39(3), 363-381. google scholar
  • Lehmann, M., Toh, I., Christensen, P., & Ma, R. (2010). Responsible leadership? Development of CSR at Danfoss, Denmark. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17(3), 153-168. google scholar
  • Leslie, K., & Canwell, A. (2010). Leadership at all levels: Leading public sector organisations in an age of austerity. European Management Journal, 28(4), 297-305. google scholar
  • Levay, C. (2010). Charismatic leadership in resistance to change. The leadership quarterly, 21(1), 127-143. google scholar
  • Levine, C. H. (1979). More on cutback management: Hard questions for hard times. Public administration review, 39(2), 179-183. google scholar
  • Liu, W., Lai, C. H., & Xu, W. W. (2018). Tweeting about emergency: A semantic network analysis of government organizations’ social media messaging during hurricane Harvey. Public relations review, 44(5), 807-819. google scholar
  • Lotka, A. J. (1926). The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. Journal of the Washington academy of sciences, 16(12), 317-323. google scholar
  • Lu, X., & Xue, L. A. N. (2016). Managing the unexpected: Sense-making in the Chinese emergency management system. Public Administration, 94(2), 414-429. google scholar
  • Madera, J. M., & Smith, D. B. (2009). The effects of leader negative emotions on evaluations of leadership in a crisis situation: The role of anger and sadness. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 103-114. google scholar
  • Marques-Quinteiro, P., Vargas, R., Eifler, N., & Curral, L. (2019). Employee adaptive performance and job satisfaction during organizational crisis: the role of self-leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 85-100. google scholar
  • Mastracci, S. (2017). Beginning nurses’ perceptions of ethical leadership in the shadow of mid staffs. Public Integrity, 19(3), 250-264. google scholar
  • Meindl, J. R., Ehrlich, S. B., & Dukerich, J. M. (1985). The romance of leadership. Administrative science quarterly, 78-102. google scholar
  • Milojevic, S., Sugimoto, C. R., Yan, E., & Ding, Y. (2011). The cognitive structure of library and information science: Analysis of article title words. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(10), 1933-1953. google scholar
  • Moon, M. J. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 with agility, transparency, and participation: wicked policy problems and new governance challenges. Public administration review, 80(4), 651- 656. google scholar
  • Moynihan, D. P. (2008). Learning under uncertainty: Networks in crisis management. Public administration review, 68(2), 350-365. google scholar
  • Moynihan, D. P. (2009). The network governance of crisis response: Case studies of incident command systems. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(4), 895- 915. google scholar
  • Moynihan, D. P. (2012). A theory of culture-switching: Leadership and red-tape during hurricane Katrina. Public Administration, 90(4), 851-868. google scholar
  • Nohe, C., Michaelis, B., Menges, J. I., Zhang, Z., & Sonntag, K. (2013). Charisma and organizational change: A multilevel study of perceived charisma, commitment to change, and team performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(2), 378-389. google scholar
  • Osareh, F. (1996). Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis and Co-Citation. Libri, 46(3), 149. google scholar Pearson, C. M., & Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing crisis management. Academy of management review, 23(1), 59-76. google scholar
  • Pearson, C. M., & Mitroff, I. I. (2019). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis management. In Risk Management (pp. 185-196). Routledge. google scholar
  • Peus, C., Wesche, J. S., Streicher, B., Braun, S., & Frey, D. (2012). Authentic leadership: An empirical test of its antecedents, consequences, and mediating mechanisms. Journal of business ethics, 107(3), 331-348. google scholar
  • Pillai, R. (1996). Crisis and the emergence of charismatic leadership in groups: An experimental investigation 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26(6), 543-562. google scholar
  • Pillai, R., & Meindl, J. R. (1998). Context and charisma: A “meso” level examination of the relationship of organic structure, collectivism, and crisis to charismatic leadership. Journal of Management, 24(5), 643-671. google scholar
  • Placek, M., Spacek, D., & Ochrana, F. (2020). Public leadership and strategies of Czech municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic-municipal activism vs municipal passivism. International Journal of Public Leadership. google scholar
  • Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. MacKenzie, M. Ahearne, and Bommer, W. H. (1995). ‘‘Searching for a Needle in a Haystack: Trying to Identify the Illusive Moderators of Leadership Behaviors.’’ Journal of Management 21(3): 422-470 google scholar
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., and Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual review of psychology, 63(1), 539-569. google scholar
  • Renjen, P. (2020). The essence of resilient leadership: Business recovery from COVID-19. Deloitte. google scholar
  • RStudio Team (2019) Rstudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. Boston, MA: RStudio Inc. google scholar
  • Ryan, M. K., Haslam, S. A., Hersby, M. D., & Bongiorno, R. (2011). Think crisis-think female: The glass cliff and contextual variation in the think manager-think male stereotype. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 470. google scholar
  • Ryan, M. K., Haslam, S. A., Morgenroth, T., Rink, F., Stoker, J., & Peters, K. (2016). Getting on top of the glass cliff: Reviewing a decade of evidence, explanations, and impact. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 446-455. google scholar
  • Schiffino, N., Taskin, L., Donis, C., & Raone, J. (2017). Post-crisis learning in public agencies: what do we learn from both actors and institutions?. Policy Studies, 38(1), 59-75. google scholar
  • Schmidt, E., Groeneveld, S., & Van de Walle, S. (2017). A change management perspective on public sector cutback management: towards a framework for analysis. Public Management Review, 19(10), 1538-1555. google scholar
  • Schmidt, J. E. T., & Groeneveld, S. M. (2021). Setting sail in a storm: leadership in times of cutbacks. Public Management Review, 23(1), 112-134. google scholar
  • Schwartz, M. S. (2020). Beyond petroleum or bottom line profits only? An ethical analysis of BP and the Gulf oil spill. Business and Society Review, 125(1), 71-88. google scholar
  • Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization science, 4(4), 577-594. google scholar
  • Sedighi, M. (2016). Application of word co-occurrence analysis method in mapping of the scientific fields (case study: the field of Infometrics). Library Review. google scholar
  • Selart, M., & Johansen, S. T. (2011). Ethical decision making in organizations: The role of leadership stress. Journal of business ethics, 99(2), 129-143. google scholar
  • Sims, R. R., & Brinkman, J. (2002). Leaders as moral role models: The case of John Gutfreund at Salomon Brothers. Journal of business ethics, 35(4), 327-339. google scholar
  • Slagle, D. R., Chatham-Carpenter, A., & Williams, A. M. (2022). A Discourse of Renewal: Higher Education Leadership and Crisis Communication during Black Lives Matter. Public Integrity, 1-16. google scholar
  • Staw, B. M., Sandelands, L. E., & Dutton, J. E. (1981). Threat rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. Administrative science quarterly, 501-524. google scholar
  • Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. Free Press. google scholar
  • Tao, W., Lee, Y., Sun, R., Li, J. Y., & He, M. (2022). Enhancing Employee Engagement via Leaders’ Motivational Language in times of crisis: Perspectives from the COVID-19 outbreak. Public relations review, 48(1), 102133. google scholar
  • Thach, L. (2012). Managerial perceptions of crisis leadership in public and private organizations: An interview study in the United States. International Journal of Management, 29(2), 712. google scholar
  • Trottier, T., Van Wart, M., & Wang, X. (2008). Examining the nature and significance of leadership in government organizations. Public administration review, 68(2), 319-333. google scholar
  • Van Eck, N., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538. google scholar
  • Van Wart, M. (2013). Lessons from leadership theory and the contemporary challenges of leaders. Public Administration Review, 73(4), 553-565. google scholar
  • Van Wart, M., & Kapucu, N. (2011). Crisis management competencies: The case of emergency managers in the USA. Public Management Review, 13(4), 489-511. google scholar
  • Varma, T. M. (2021). Responsible leadership and reputation management during a crisis: The cases of Delta and United Airlines. Journal of Business Ethics, 173(1), 29-45. google scholar
  • Verhoeven, P., Tench, R., Zerfass, A., Moreno, Â., & Vercic, D. (2014). Crisis? What crisis?: How European professionals handle crises and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 40(1), 107-109. google scholar
  • Vogel, R., & Masal, D. (2015). Public leadership: A review of the literature and framework for future research. Public Management Review, 17(8), 1165-1189. google scholar
  • Wang, N., Liang, H., Jia, Y., Ge, S., Xue, Y., & Wang, Z. (2016). Cloud computing research in the IS discipline: A citation/co-citation analysis. Decision Support Systems, 86, 35-47. google scholar
  • Waugh Jr, W. L., & Streib, G. (2006). Collaboration and leadership for effective emergency management. Public administration review, 66, 131-140. google scholar
  • Weick, K. E. (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative science quarterly, 628-652. google scholar
  • Williams, T. A., Gruber, D. A., Sutcliffe, K. M., Shepherd, D. A., & Zhao, E. Y. (2017). Organizational response to adversity: Fusing crisis management and resilience research streams. Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 733-769. google scholar
  • Wisittigars, B., & Siengthai, S. (2019). Crisis leadership competencies: the facility management sector in Thailand. Facilities. google scholar
  • Wooten, L. P., & James, E. H. (2008). Linking crisis management and leadership competencies: The role of human resource development. Advances in developing human resources, 10(3), 352-379. google scholar
  • Wu, Y. L., Shao, B., Newman, A., & Schwarz, G. (2021). Crisis leadership: A review and future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 101518. google scholar
  • Yan, E., & Ding, Y. (2012). Scholarly network similarities: How bibliographic coupling networks, citation networks, cocitation networks, topical networks, coauthorship networks, and coword networks relate to each other. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(7), 1313-1326. google scholar
  • Yeo, J., & Jeon, S. H. (2021). Leading Amid Pandemic: Conceptual Framework on Ethical-Political Leadership for Crisis Management. Public Integrity, 1-12. google scholar
  • Yim, M. C., & Park, H. S. (2019). Why legitimacy matters in crisis communication: A case study of the “Nut Rage” incident on Korean Air. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 33(2), 172-202. google scholar
  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. google scholar
  • Young, S. L., Wiley, K. K., & Searing, E. A. (2020). “Squandered in real time”: How public management theory underestimated the public administration-politics dichotomy. The American Review of Public Administration, 50(6-7), 480-488. google scholar
  • Yukl, G., & Gardner, W. L. (2019). Leadership in organizations. Pearson. google scholar
  • Zanini, M. T., Migueles, C., & Carvalho, J. (2022). The Impact of Cutbacks From a Major State Financial Crisis on Organizational Trust. The American Review of Public Administration, 52(3), 235-247. google scholar
  • Zhao, X., Zhan, M., & Liu, B. F. (2018). Disentangling social media influence in crises: Testing a four-factor model of social media influence with large data. Public relations review, 44(4), 549-561. google scholar
  • Zhu, J., Song, L. J., Zhu, L., & Johnson, R. E. (2019). Visualizing the landscape and evolution of leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(2), 215-232. google scholar
  • Zitt, M., & Bassecoulard, E. (1994). Development of a method for detection and trend analysis of research fronts built by lexical or cocitation analysis. Scientometrics, 30(1), 333-351. google scholar
  • Zupic, I., & Cater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organizational research methods, 18(3), 429-472. google scholar