Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki Latin Göçmenler: Florida’da Yaşayan Kübalı ve Venezuelalı Göçmenler Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Analiz

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde yaşayan Latin kökenli göçmenler çoğunlukla tekil vaka çalışmaları kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir, bu tür çalışmalarda ülkede yaşayan her bir Latin kökenli grup bir kitabın veya makalenin birbirinden bağımsız bölümlerinde ayrı ayrı ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma ise ABD’nin Florida eyaletine göç eden Kübalı ve Venezuelalı göçmenlerin, göç sebepleri, göç yolları ve göç sonrası Florida’ya yerleşme düzenlerini Charles Tilly’nin Bireyselleştirici Karşılaştırma yöntemini kullanarak analiz etmek üzere hazırlanmıştır. Her iki göçmen grubunun da göç etme sebepleri ve göç için tercih ettiği eyaletler (Florida başta olmak üzere) benzer olduğundan, göç sonrası yerleşme düzenlerinin de aynı olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Çalışma için diğer Latin kökenli göçmen gruplarının yerine, Kübalı ve Venezuelalı göçmenlerin seçilmesinin sebebi de bu varsayımdır. Her iki grup, politik sebeplerle, ABD tarafından diğer Latin göçmen gruplarına kıyasla daha sıcak karşılanmaktadırlar. Çalışma boyunca her iki göçmen grubunun İngilizce yeterlik seviyeleri, gelir düzeyleri, vatandaşlığa kabul edilme oranları, siyasi parti eğilimleri vb. karşılaştırılarak söz konusu varsayımın yanlış olduğunu ortaya çıkarılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karşılaştırmalı Göç Çalışmaları, ABD’deki Latin Göçmenler, bireyselleştirici karşılaştırma, Venezuelalı Göçmenler, Kübalı Göçmenler

Latinx Immigrants in the United States: A Comparative Analysis on the Venezuelan and Cuban Immigrants in Florida

Latinx immigrants in the U.S. are often analyzed through single case study methodology where each selected Latinx immigrant group in the U.S. analyzed through separate chapters of a book or a sub-section of an article. This study is prepared to compare the push factors, migration journeys and post-migration patterns of Cuban and Venezuelan immigrants in Florida by adopting Charles Tilly's Individualizing Comparison methodology. Since both of the Venezuelan and Cuban immigrants have been fleeing from left-wing home governments and choosing the same point of destination (Florida), there is a common misunderstanding that both of these immigrant groups have the same post-migration patterns. For this reason, levels of English proficiency, income, education and political party tendencies are compared throughout this study to show the differences and peculiarities of both immigrant groups in a comparative perspective. According to the findings of this study, the common assumptions about the two immigrants groups are wrong.

Keywords:

Comparative Migration Studies, Latinx Immigrants, Individualizing Comparison, Venezuelan Immigrants, Cuban Immigrants,

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