Yaşlanma, Gençlik ve Göç Ekseninde Küresel Demografik Dönüşüm Ve Refah Devleti

Çalışmada 2008 Küresel Ekonomik Krizi ve ardından Avrupa’da görülen Borç Krizi sonrası küresel demografik dönüşüm sürecinde yaşlanma, gençlik ve göç gibi bir takım faktörlerin refah devleti üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Başta Amerika ve Avrupa’da sosyal, siyasi ve akademik çevrelerde refah devleti uygulamalarının; kamu borç yükleri sebebiyle artık sürdürülemez olduğu yönünde görüşler dile getirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte küreselleşme süreci sonrası gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) içinde, sosyal hizmetler için ayrılan pay artış göstermesine karşın, demografik dönüşüm karşısında yetersiz kalmaktadır. Birçok devletin eğitim ve sağlık alanlarında sağladığı hizmetleri bırakarak küçülmeye gitmesi toplumun dezavantajlı kesimleri için sorunlar ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Özellikle Avrupa’da artan yaşlı nüfusa yönelik sağlık hizmetleri, gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki genç nüfusun eğitimi, genç işsizliği sorunu ve göçmenlerin entegrasyonu önemli sosyal politika meseleleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada sosyal harcamaların artarak devam edeceği öngörüsü yazarlarca yazın literatürü taranarak ve istatistiki veriler değerlendirilerek ortaya konmaktadır.

The study investigates effects of several factors of demographic transition such as ageing, young population and immigration over the welfare state following the 2008 Global Economic Crisis and European Debt Crisis Opinions about the sustainability of welfare state applications due to public debt stocks are expressed among social, political and academic fronts after 2008 Global Economic Crisis and the following European Debt crisis. In spite of the increase in the ratio of social spendings to gross domestic product (GDP) after globalization, the increase has been insufficient for demographic transformation. Many countries’ abandonment of their services in the fields of education and health would cause problems for several disadvantaged groups in the society. Particularly, healthcare issues for the elderly in Europe, youth unemployment and training and integration of the immigrants are serious issues for social policy. The authors of the study attempt to put forward that the social spendings will continue to increase by conducting literature review and available statistical data.

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