Modernizm ve İran Konutlarının Dönüşümü (1870-1979)

Bu çalışma ilk olarak modernizmin 1870-1979 yılları arasında İran’da oluşturduğu toplumsal ve siyasi platformu inceleyerek, modernizmin oluşumundaki Kaçar dönemi ve Pehlevi döneminde temel faktörleri tanıtmaya çalışmaktadır. Araştırma, İran’da konutların oluşumunda hakim ideolojilerin ve politikaların sonucu olarak geliştirilen mimari hareketler ile ilgili açıklamalar ortaya koymaktadır. Kadim dini otoriteler, ulusal kimlik ve modernizmin karşılaşması, Ortadoğu ülkelerinde, özellikle İran’da, büyük değişimlere sebep olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, İran toplumunda meydana gelen sosyal ve siyasi değişim, gündelik hayatın belirleyici aktörlerinden olan mimarlık alanında ise büyük dönüşümlere sebep olmuştur. Ulus devlet, dünyanın çeşitli ülkelerinde modernizm sürecinde en önemli aktör olmuştur. Buna göre, o dönemde bir ulus devlet olan Pehlevi devleti, İran toplumunun farklı katmanlarında ve ülkenin çeşitli bölgelerinde modernizmin gelişmesinde temel bir role sahip olmuştur. Bu dönemde, ulusal kimlik, ulus devlet kavramı tarafından yeniden tanımlanmış ve toplumun günlük yaşamı mimarlıktan etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışma İran konutlarının geçmişini inceleyen niteliksel bir araştırmadır. Araştırma, tarihsel yorumlama yöntemini benimseyerek, İran’da 1925 ve 1979 yılları arasında yapılan konut binalarının incelenmesinde çevresel, biçimsel ve anlamsal faktörlerin etkisini değerlendirmektedir.

Modernism and Transformation of Iranian Houses (1870-1979)

This study primarily focuses on the social and political platforms established by modernism in Iran between 1870 and 1979. The study attempts to introduce the main factors in the formation of modernism in the periods of the Qajar and Pehlevi. This research reveals the effect of dominant ideologies and policies on the construction and components of Iranian houses. The ancient religious authorities, confrontation of national identity and new phenomenon by the name of modernism have caused great changes in social life and house constructions in Middle East countries, especially in Iran. In this context, social and political changes in the Iranian society caused a major transformation in the field of architecture, which is one of the determining actors of daily life. The nation state was the most prominent actor in modernism process in various countries of the world. Accordingly, the Pehlevi state -as a nation state in that period- had a main role in developing the modernism at different layers of the Iranian society and various regions of the country. During this period, the national identity has been redefined by the nation state and the daily life of the society was influenced through architectural elements. This study is a qualitative research that analyses history of the Iranian dwellings. By adopting the method of historical interpretation, the research evaluates the effect of environmental, formal and semantic factors in the examination of dwellings which were built between 1925 and 1979.

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