İran Ütopyası: Sühreverdî ve ‘“Cebrail'in Kanat Sesi” ve “Kızıl Akıl”da ‘Hiçbir Yer’ Kavramı

İdeal mekânın ilk kez Thomas More tarafından 1516 yılında Ütopya adlı kitabında tanıtıldığı kabul edilir; ancak İranlı filozof Şahâbüddin es-Sühreverdî, More'dan yüzyıllar önce, 1154'te, kelimenin tam anlamıyla ütopya anlamına gelen Nā-kujā-ābād (hiçbir yer) kavramını ortaya atmıştır. Erken literatürde bu terim, var olmayan ve muhtemelen hiç var olmamış ideal bir toplumu tasvir etmekteydi. Buna göre, bu makale daimi İdealizm okulunun yorumcularını ve Sühreverdî'nin Nā-kujā-ābād'ını (hiçbir yer) kavramını incelemektedir. Nā-kujā-ābād (hiçbir yer), aşkın dünyayı tasvir etmek ve ütopyada yaşayan ruhun uzak algısını tasvir etmek için onun tarafından tanıtılan prototipik bir terimdir. Bu terimin iki yönlü özü her zaman tartışmanın merkezi olmuştur; aynı anda iki zıt anlamı taşıyan kendi içinde çelişkili bir kelimedir: Manevi dünya (Alem-i misâl) ve maddi dünya (Alem-i nâsût). Bu makale metin analizine dayalıdır ve Sühreverdî'nin risalelerini yeniden inşa ederek, Cebrail'in Kanat Sesi (Āwāz-i Par-i Jabraʾīl) ve Kızıl Akıl (Aql-i Surkh) risalelerinde ütopik bir bakış açısıyla hiçbir yerin yorumunu aydınlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Son olarak araştırmacı, Sühreverdî'nin ütopyasının, insan hayatındaki siyasi ve sosyal meselelerden uzak, herkesin ulaşabileceği gerçek benlik olduğu sonucuna varır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cebrail'in Kanat Sesi, Kızıl Akıl, Hiçbir yer, Sühreverdi, İran Ütopyası

Iranian Utopia: Suhrawardī and the Concept of ‘no-where’ in “The Chant of Gabriel’s Wings” and “The Crimson Intellect”

It is accepted that for the first time in 1516, Thomas More introduced the concepts of an ideal place in his Utopia; however, centuries before him in 1154 Shahāb al-Din al-Suhrawardī, a Persian philosopher, introduced the term Nā-kujā-ābād, which literally means utopia. This word was initially used in literature for defining an ideal society, which simultaneously bears the meaning of a non-existing or probably never-existed society. Accordingly, this article analyses the perennial Idealism in Suhrawardī’s Nā-kujā-ābād (no-where) by which he amalgamates the discourse of idealism with the perfect nature of human beings during the twelfth century. Nā-kujā-ābād is a prototypical term that illustrates the transcending world and portrays the ultimate perception of the living soul in utopia. The twofold essence of this term has always been at the center of the argument; a self-contradictory word, holding two opposite meanings at the same time: the spiritual world (Ālam-i Mesāl) and the material world (Ālam-i Nāsūt). This article aims to reconstruct Suhrawardī’s treatises through the textual analysis illuminating the interpretation of no-where through the utopian angle in treatises of The Chant of Gabriel’s Wings (Āwāz-i Par-i Jabraʾīl) and The Crimson Intellect (Aql-i Surkh) and finally concludes that Suhrawardī’s utopia is the true self of human beings apart from political and social issues.

Keywords:

The Chant of Gabriel’s Wings, The Crimson Intellect, Nā-kujā-ābād, Suhrawardī, Iranian Utopia,

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