Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti’ndeki Başkanlık Sisteminin yapısal özelliği ve sorunları

Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından günümüze kadar Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti başakanlık sistemiyle yönetil-mektedir. Başkanlık sistemini otoriter rejimlerden ayırt eden en önemli faktör, siyasi ve hukuki olarak kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesinin işliyor olmasıdır. Kazakistan’da devlet başkanı yönetimin bütün erkleri üzerinde hakem konu-munda bir anayasal statüye ve yetkiye sahiptir. Kazakistan Anayasası kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesini benimsemesine rağmen, Cumhurbaşkanının geniş çaplı veto ve atama yetkisi bütün erkleri kontrolünde tutmasını sağlayan anayasal yetki vermektedir. Anayasadaki denetim ve dengeleme ilkesinin Cumhurbaşkanına yönelik işlevsiz kalması, Cumhurbaşkanının yasama fonksyonunu icra edebilmesi gibi hususlar Kazakistan’daki başkanlık sis-teminin yapısal sorunlarının bir parçasıdır. Bu çalışmada Kazakistan’ın başkanlık sisteminin tarihsel gelişme süreçleri, yapısal özelliği incelenmektedir. Bir taraftan Kazakistan’daki başkanlık sisteminin ulus-devlet inşası ve bağımsızlık sürecindeki önemi, devletin üniter yapısını korumadaki rölü değerlendirilir. Diğer taraftan, Kazaki-stan’daki başkanlık sisteminin yapısal sorunları kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesi açısından değerlendirilerek, anayasal sistem, rejim niteliği hakkında sonuç yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kazakistan, başkanlık sistemi, kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesi

Structural characteristics and problems of the Presidential System in the Republic of Kazakhstan

After the collapse of Soviet Union and till to the present days the Republic of Kazakhstan has been ruled by the presidential system. The most important factor that distinguishes the presidential system from the authoritarian regimes is that the principle of separation of powers, and the possibility of this principle to imolement politically and legally. In Kazakhstan, the president has a power and status as an arbitrator among the all branches of power. Due to the strong veto and appointment competence the Constitution of Kazakhstan gives constitutional authority to the President to control all branches of power in spite of the fact that the principle separation of powers is constitutionally approved. Nonfunctional mechanism of check and balance system among the power branches, legislative function of the President are part of the structural problems of the presidential system in Kazakhstan. In this study analysed the historical development periods and structural challenges of presidential system of Kazakhstan. On the one hand, the presidential system of Kazakhstan have been taking a positive role in the period of nation-state building process, strengthen the independence, maintain the unitary sturcture of state. On the other hand, the structural problems of the presidential system in Kazakhstan are evaluated in terms of the principle of separation of powers, and have given a conclusion regarding to the constitutional system and the political regime.

Keywords:

Kazakhstan, presidential system, principle of separation of power,

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