KÜRESEL POLİTİK SİSTEMDE LİDERLİK: GEORGE MODELSKİ VE DÜNYA POLİTİKASINDA UZUN DÖNGÜLER

Sistemik yaklaşım veyahut teoriler, hem doğa bilimlerinde hem de sosyal bilimlerde kullanılan, bütünü anlamaya yönelik önermeler bütünüdür. Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplini içerisinde bütünü anlamaya yönelik yaklaşım veyahut teoriler, II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde ortaya konmaya başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede disiplinde çeşitli ekoller veyahut paradigmalar içerisinde, farklı değişkenlerin referans alındığı, bütünü anlamaya yönelik sistemik yaklaşım veyahut teoriler geliştirilmiştir. Politik, toplumsal ve ekonomik süreçleri makro ölçekli ve bütüncül bir çerçevede açıklamaya çalışan yaklaşımlardan biri de dünya sistemi yaklaşımlarıdır. Dünya sistemi yaklaşımları, dünya ölçeğindeki süreçleri, sistemin bütünü çerçevesinde değerlendiren ve sosyoloji, tarih, ekonomi, felsefe vb. diğer alanlardan istifade eden yaklaşımlardır. Bu çalışmalar dünya ölçeğindeki süreçlerin döngüsel ritimlerini şu ya da bu değişken bağlamında açıklamaya çalışmışlardır. Dünya sistemi yaklaşımları içerisinde yer alan George Modelski’nin “Uzun Döngüler Teorisi”, dünya politik süreçlerindeki liderlik ve dönüşümü modellemeye yönelik bir önermeler bütünüdür. Modelski, küresel politik sistem içerisinde bir ulus-devletin lider konuma geldiğini ve bu sürecin döngüsel ritimlerle devam ettiğini ileri sürmektedir. Her bir döngü yeni bir ulus-devletin lider konuma gelmesini beraberinde getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte Modelski’nin yaklaşımı yalnızca ulus-devletlerin liderlik olgusunu açıklamaya yönelik değildir. Zira Modelski aslında küresel politik sistemin gelişimini modellemeye çalışmıştır ki bu girişim onu uluslararası ilişkilerdeki geleneksel sistem modellerinden ayırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dünya Sistemi, George Modelski, Modern Dünya Sistemi, Küresel Politik Sistem, Ulus-Devlet

LEADERSHIP IN GLOBAL POLITICAL SYSTEM: GEORGE MODELSKI AND LONG CYCLES IN WORLD POLITICS

Systemic approaches or theories which are aimed to comprehend wholeness of processes are used both in natural and social sciences. Such approaches or theories in international relations discipline were emerged after the Second World War. In this framework, there has been developed various approaches or theories in the discipline, using different variables. World system approaches are among those addressing political, economic and social processes on macro scale, and explaining these processes in a holistic sense. World system approaches evaluate these processes on world scale, and utilized on other fields such as sociology, history, economy and philosophy. The Long Cycles Theory of George Modelski which is one of the world system approaches addresses the leadership and transformations in world politics. Modelski claims that a nation-state becomes leader in global political system, and this process continues on cyclical rhythms. Each long cycle brings about a new leader. However, Modelski’s approach is not only aiming to explain leadership in world politics but also to model development of global political system. Thus, this attempt distinguishes the long cycle theory from traditional system models in international relations.

Keywords:

World System, George Modelski, Modern World System, Global Political System, Nation-State,

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