Nefise Ülkü KARABAY YAVAŞOĞLU, Adem GÜNER

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antimutagenic Activity with Irritation Effects of Ceramium rubrum (Red Algae) Extract

This study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities as well as irritation/toxicity efficacy of n-hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of the red algae Ceramium rubrum C. Agardh (1881). While spectrophotometric methods were used for the determination of total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. Antimicrobial and antimutagenic efficacy of extracts were determined by MIC method and Ames test, respectively. Also, HET-CAM test was used for irritation/toxicity of extracts. While methanol extract was found to have higher total flavonoid and phenolic contents than the other extracts and hexane showed higher antioxidant activity than other extracts. All extracts exerted moderate antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms as 64–256 μg/mL. However, extracts of the algae did not show any mutagenicity or irritation effect even at the highest concentration.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Red algae, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Ames test, Hetcam assay

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antimutagenic Activity with Irritation Effects of Ceramium rubrum (Red Algae) Extract

Keywords:

Red algae, antioxidant, antimicrobial, Ames test, Hetcam assay,

PDF

___

Blunt, J.W., Copp, B.R., Hu, W.P., Munro, M.H.G., Northcote, P.T., Prinsep, M.R. (2007). Marine natural products, Nat. Prod. Rep. 24, 31–86.
Cardozo, K.H.M., Guaratini, T., Barros, M.P., Falcão, V.R., Tonon, A.P., Lopes, N.P., Campos, S., Torres, M.A., Souza, A.O., Colepicolo, P., Pinto, E. (2007). Metabolites from algae with economical impact. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C: Toxicol. Pharmacol. 146, 60-78.
Yuan, Y.V., Walsh, N. (2006). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts from a variety of edible seaweeds. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 1144-1150.
Fisch, K.M., Böhm, V., Wright, A.D., König, G.M. (2003). Antioxidant meroterpenoids from the Brown alga Cystoseira crinite. J. Nat. Prod. 66, 968–975.
Kang, K., Park, Y., Hwang, H.J., Kim, S.H., Lee, J.G., Shin, H.C. (2003). Antioxidative properties of brown algae polyphenolics and their perspectives as chemopreventive agents against vascular risk factors. Arch. Pharm. 26, 286-293.
Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N., Gupta, S. (2010). An Assessment of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Six Species of Edible Irish Seaweeds. International Food Research Journal, 17, 205-220.
Manivannan, K., Karthikai Devi, K., Anantharaman, G., P., Balasubramanian, T. (2011). Antimicrobial potential of selected brown seaweeds from Vedalai coastal waters, Gulf of Mannar. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 1, 114-120.
Mohamed, S., Hashim, S.N., Rahman, H.A. (2012). Seaweeds: A sustainable functional food for complementary and alternative therapy. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 23, 83–96.
Osuna-Ruiza, I., Lopez-Saizb, C.M., Burgos-Hernandez, A., Velazquez, C., Nieves-Soto, M., Hurtado-Oliva, M.A. (2016). Antioxidant, antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities in selected seaweed species from Sinaloa, Mexico. Pharmaceutıcal Biology, 54, 2196–2210.
Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J., Nacoulma, O.G. (2005). Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food Chem. 91, 571-577.
Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., Chern, J.C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal. 10, 178-182.
Turkoğlu, A., Kıvrak, I., Mercan, N., Duru, M.E., Gezer, K., Turkoğlu, H. (2006). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Morchella conica. Pers. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5, 1146–1150.
NCCLS, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard. NCCLS document M7-A6, 8th edn. NCCLS, Wayne, PA, 2003.
Maron, D.M., Ames, B.N. (1983). Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 113, 173–215.
Kishore, A.S., Surekha, P.A., Sekhar, P.V., Srinivas, A., Murthy, P.B. (2008). Hen egg chorioallantoic membrane bioassay: An in vitro alternative to Draize eye irritation test for pesticide screening. Int. J. Toxicol. 27, 449–453.
Michalak, I., Chojnacka, K. (2015). Algae as production systems of bioactive compounds, Eng. Life Sci. 15, 160–176.
Pérez, M.J., Falqué, E., Domínguez, H. (2016). Antimicrobial Action of Compounds from Marine Seaweed. Mar. Drugs, 14, 52.
Horincar, V.B., Parfene, G., Bahrim, G.E. (2011). Evaluation of bioactive compound inextracts obtained from three romanian marine algae species. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 16, 6.
Rhimou, B., Hassane, R., Jose, M., Nathalie, B. (2010). The antibacterial potential of the seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) of the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Afr. J.Biotechnol. 9, 6365-6372.
Karthikeyan, K., Shweta, K., Jayanthi, G., Prabhu, K., Thirumaran, G. (2015). Antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of selected seaweeds from Kodinar, Southern Coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, India. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 5, 35–40.
Caccamese, S., Toscano, R.M., Furnari, G., Cormaci, M. (1985). Antimicrobial activities of red and brown algae from Southern Italy coast. Bot. Mar. 28, 505–507.
Tüney Kızılkaya, I., Hilal Cadirci, B.H., Unal, D., Sukatar, A. (2007). Locational and organic solvent variation in antimicrobial activities of crude extracts of marine algae from the coast of Izmir (Turkey). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 16, 428-434.
Febles, C.I., Arias, A., Gil-Rodriguez, M.C., Hardisson, A., Sierra Lopez, A. (1995). In vitro study of antimicrobial activity in algae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) collected from the coast of Tenerife (in Spanish). Anuario del Instituto de Estudios Canarios, 34, 181-192.
Amico, V., Neri, P., Piattelli, M., Ruberto, G. (1987). Geranylgeraniol-derived diterpenes from the brown alga Bifurcaria Bifurcata: comparison with two other Cystoseiraceae species. Phytochemistry, 26, 2637–2639.
Syad, A.N., Kasi, P.D. 2014. Assessment of Mutagenic Effect of G. acerosa and S. wightii in S. typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, and TA 1538 strains) and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect in Human Mononuclear Cells: A Non-Clinical Study. Biomed Res. Int. 313942, doi: 10.1155/2014/313942.