Fitoöstrojenik Bitkiler; Ne Kadar Tüketilmeli?

Fitoöstrojenik Bitkiler; Ne Kadar Tüketilmeli?

Yapılan çalışmalarda; soya tüketiminin menopoz sorunlarını ve kanser riskini, sarımsak tüketiminin postmenopozal dönemde kolon kanserini %50 oranında azalttığı,  jinekolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılabileceği belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca; uzun süre fitoöstrojen bakımından zengin yemlerle beslenen koyunlarda güç doğum oranlarında artış, koyun ve kuzularda yüksek ölüm ve kalıcı kısırlık gibi önemli sorunlar saptanmıştır. İnsan ve hayvanlar tarafından tüketilen besinlerin bazıları östrojen hormonu salgısını artıran bileşikler içermektedir. Bitkilerde doğal olarak bulunan bu bileşikler fitoöstrojen olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Fitoöstrojen tam anlamıyla östrojen olmamakla birlikte bir yere kadar östrojenin yerine geçebilmektedir. Fitoöstrojenler doğada farklı yoğunluklarda pek çok bitkide bulunmaktadır. Fitoöstrojenler; flavonoid olanlar ve olmayanlar olarak iki gruba ayrılır. Flavonoid grubunda olan fitoöstrojenler, isoflavonlar, kumestanlar ve prenil flavonoitler olup bu grubun en önemli besin kaynakları; soya ve soya ürünleri, çay, kırmızı şarap, baklagiller, brüksel lahanası ve ıspanak gibi bitkilerdir. Flavonoid olmayan grupta ise lignanlar yer alır. Bitkiler arasında tohumu doğrudan tüketilen keten iyi bir lignan kaynağı olup önemli bir fitoöstrojenik özelliğe sahiptir. Fitoöstrojenlerin; antikanser, menopoz semptomlarını azaltma, osteoporoz, kardiyovasküler hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve antikarsinojenik olmak üzere pek çok etkisi vardır.  Östrojen hormonu hem kadınlarda hem de erkekte bulunan ancak erkeklerde çok düşük düzeylerde olan bir seks hormonudur. Temel yapı taşı kolestrol olan östrojen yumurtalıklardan ve böbreküstü bezlerinden salgılanır. Kadınlarda üreme fonksiyonları, menstrüel döngü ve menopoz periyodu üzerinde önemli etkileri vardır. Dolayısı ile tüketilen gıdalar insan metabolizması tarafından salgılanan hormonlar üzerine doğrudan etkilidir. Bu makalede beslenmede kullanılan fitoöstrojenik bitkilerin tüketiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar, tüketilen fitoöstrojenik bitkiler ve etkileri incelenmiştir.

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