Hatun BARUT, Sait AYKANAT, Safiye AŞIKLI, Selim EKER

Bitkisel Üretimde Bor

Bor (B) bitkiler tarafından eser miktarda gereksinim duyulan ve eksikliği ile toksisite sınırı birbirine çok yakın olan bir mikro elementtir. Optimum büyüme ve verimlilik sağlanabilmesı için bitkilerde borun yeterli miktarda bulunması gerekir. Mevcut bilgilere göre bor, bitki bünyesinde karbohidrat ve protein metabolizmasında, doku farklılaşmasında, oksin ve fenol metabolizmasında, membran permeabilitesinde, polen çimlenmesinde ve polen tüpü büyümesinde önemli roller üstlenmektedir. Bitki bünyesinde bor’un hareketi sınırlıdır. Borun bitkide yukarı doğru taşınmasında transpirasyonun etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bitkiler tarafından borun alınmasının ve farklı organlara taşınmasının bitkinin su alımı ve ksilemdeki hareketi ile yakından ilişkili olduğu ve ayrıca bu taşınmanın bitki türleri arasında büyük farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bor eksikliği öncelikle bitkilerin büyüme noktalarına zarar verdiği için bitkilerde büyüme çok yavaşlar. Eksikliğin çok şiddetli olması halinde büyüme noktaları ölür ve büyüme tamamen durur. Bu nedenle bitkisel üretimde bor vazgeçilemez bir mikro elementtir. Dünya bor rezervlerinin %72’sine sahip olan Türkiye’nin toplam bor üretimindeki payı %33’tür. Ancak borlu ürünlerin tarım alanlarında kullanılması sınırlıdır. Çünkü bu konuda araştırmalar yeterli değildir. Bu çalışmada borun tarımsal açıdan önemine dikkat çekilmiş ve farklı bitkilerde yapılan araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bor, bor eksikliği, bitkisel üretim

Boron in Plant Production

Boron (B) is needed by plants in trace amounts and the limits for required and toxic levels are quite close to each other. Sufficient boron levels are essential for optimum growth and yield in plant production practices. Boron plays various significant roles in carbohydrate and protein metabolisms of plants, tissue differentiation, auxin and phenol metabolisms, membrane permeability, pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Boron mobilization is restricted by several factors throughout plant growth. Transpiration is an efficient mechanism for boron transport to plant upper sections. Plant water intake and water movement through xylem are also closely related to plant boron uptake and boron transport to other organs of plant. Such mobilization mechanisms greatly vary from one plant to another. Boron deficiency primarily destroys growing points and ultimately results in growth regressions in plants. Under severe deficiencies, growing points may even die out and growth may be totally terminated. Thus, boron is considered as an essential, inevitable, micro nutrient for plants. Turkey has 72% of world boron reserves and the share of Turkey in world boron production is around 33%. Since there aren’t sufficient researches and studies, boron products have limited uses over agricultural lands. In this study, significance of boron in agricultural practices was pointed out and boron researches carried out with different plants were reviewed.

Keywords:

Boron, boron deficiency, plant production,

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