WALKING THE TALK IN THE SPORT FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY: A GENERATION Y COHORT ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY DIMENSIONS AND PURCHASE INTENTION

WALKING THE TALK IN THE SPORT FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY: A GENERATION Y COHORT ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY DIMENSIONS AND PURCHASE INTENTION

The footwear market has recently witnessed a proliferation of various brands with consumers being exposed to several international brands. Building strong brands and brand equity has thus become an important source of competitiveness and differentiation for manufacturers and retailers. Brand equity is a core marketing asset that forms distinctive ties between companies and their audiences, which nurtures long-term buying behaviour. This paper examines the influence of the dimensions of brand equity on purchase intentions in the sport footwear industry in South Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a Generation Y cohort through a structured questionnaire. Correlations and regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between brand equity dimensions (brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty) and purchase intentions. Reliability was established through internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), which was deemed satisfactory. The results show that the brand awareness has a positive influence on brand quality and brand loyalty. Brand association also showed a positive influence on brand quality and brand loyalty. Finally, brand quality and brand loyalty positively influenced brand purchase intention. Brand managers and marketing planners should consider the importance of these constructs in their overall brand equity evaluation. Limitations and implications for further research are discussed

___

  • Aaker, D.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity, New York: The Free Press.
  • Aaker, D.A. (1996), “Measuring Brand Equity across Products and Markets”,
  • California Management Review, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp.102-120. Acebrón, L.B. and Dopico, D.C. (2000), “The Importance of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Cues to Expected and Experienced Quality: An Empirical Application for Beef”, Food Quality and Preference, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.229-238.
  • Anderson, E.W. and Sullivan, M.W. (1993), “The Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms”. Marketing Science, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp.125
  • Atilgan, E., Aksoy, S. and Akinci, S. (2005), “Determinants of the Brand Equity:
  • A Verification Approach in the Beverage Industry in Turkey”. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp.237-248. BizCommunity (2014), Sunday Times Generation Next
  • _2014_Sunday_Times_Generation_Next__Brand_Survey_Results-_Final.pdf. Accessed 08. 09. 2016]. http://www.bizcommunity.com/f/1406/Press_Release_
  • Bloemer, J.M. and Kasper, H.D. (1995), “The Complex Relationship between
  • Consumer Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty”. Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp.311-329. Buil, I., De Chernatony, L. and Martinez, E. (2008), “A Cross-National
  • Validation of the Consumer-Based Brand Equity Scale”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp.384-392. Calvo-Porral, C., Martinez-Fernàndez, V.A., Juanatey-Boga, O and Lévy- Mangin, J.P. (2015), “Measuring the Influence of Customer-Based Store
  • Brand Equity in the Purchase Intention”. Cuadernos de Gestion, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp.93-118. Chi, H.K., Yeh, H.R. and Yang, Y. T. (2009), “The Impact of Brand Awareness on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Quality and Brand Loyalty”. Journal of International Management Studies, Vol. 4, No. , pp.135-144.
  • Cheng-Hsui Chen, A. (2001), “Using Free Association to Examine the Relationship between the Characteristics of Brand Associations and Brand
  • Equity”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp.439-451. Chang, H. H., Hsu, C. H. and Chung, S. H. (2008), “The Antecedents and Consequences of Brand Equity in Service Markets”. Asia Pacific Management Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, 601-624.
  • Cobb-Walgren, C. J., Ruble, C. A. and Donthu, N. (1995), “Brand Equity, Brand
  • Preference, and Purchase Intent”. Journal of Advertising, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp.25- Cox, D.F. (1967), The Sorting Rule Model of the Consumer Product Evaluation
  • Process [in Richardson, P.S., Dick, A. S. and Jain, A. K. (1994), “Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue Effects on Perceptions of Store Brand Quality”. The Journal of Marketing, pp.28-36].
  • Cronin Jr, J. J. and Taylor, S. A. (1992), “Measuring Service Quality: A Re- examination and Extension”. The Journal of Marketing, pp.55-68.
  • Delgado-Ballester, E. and Luis Munuera-Alemán, J. (2001), “Brand Trust in the Context of Consumer Loyalty”. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 35, No. 11/12, 1238-1258.
  • Farquhar, P.H., Han, J. Y. and Ijiri, Y. (1991), Recognising and Measuring Brand
  • Assets [in Severi, E. and Ling, K. C. (2013), “The Mediating Effects of Brand
  • Association, Brand Loyalty, Brand Image and Perceived Quality on Brand Equity”. Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.125-137]. Fornell, C. (1992), “A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish
  • Experience”. The Journal of Marketing, pp.6-21. Gladden, J. M. and Funk, D. C. (2001), “Understanding Brand Loyalty in
  • Professional Sport: Examining the Link between Brand Associations and Brand Loyalty”. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.54-81. Gommans, M., Krishnan, K.S. and Scheffold, K.B. (2001), “From Brand Loyalty to E-Loyalty: A Conceptual Framework”, Journal of Economic and Social Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.43-58.
  • Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J. and Borin, N. (1998), “The Effect of Store
  • Name, Brand Name and Price Discounts on Consumers' Evaluations and Purchase Intentions”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 74, No. 3, pp.331-352. Holden, S.J.S. (1992), Brand Equity through Brand Awareness: Measuring and Managing Brand Retrieval. [Doctoral Dissertation: University of Florida].
  • Hoyer, W.D. and Brown, S.P. (1990), “Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common, Repeat-Purchase Product”. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.141- 148.
  • Janiszewski, C. and Van Osselaer, S. M. (2000), “A Connectionist Model of
  • Brand–Quality Associations”. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp.331-350. Jones, R.I. (2005), “Finding Sources of Brand Value: Developing a
  • Stakeholder Model of Brand Equity”. Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 13, No, pp.10-32. Keller, K.L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer
  • Based Brand Equity”. The Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, No. (January), pp.1-22. Keller, K.L. (1998), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity. London: Prentice Hall International.
  • Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. and Tait, M. (2016), Principles of Marketing: Global and Southern African Perspectives. (2nd ed), Cape Town: Pearson Holdings Southern Africa.
  • Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L. (2006), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning and Control. Prentice Hall: Eaglewood Cliff.
  • Krishnan, H.S. and Chakravarti, D. (1993), Varieties of Brand Memory Induced by
  • Advertising: Determinants, Measures, and Relationships, (in: Janiszewski, C. and Van Osselaer, S.M. (2000), “A Connectionist Model of Brand–Quality Associations”. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp.331-350).
  • Lassar, W., Mittal, B. and Sharma, A. (1995), “Measuring Customer-Based
  • Brand Equity”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp.11-19. Low, Dimensionality of Brand Associations”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 9, No, 6, pp.350-370. (2000). “The Measurement and Macdonald, E.K. and Sharp, B.M. (2000). “Brand Awareness Effects on
  • Consumer Decision Making for a Common, Repeat Purchase Product: A Replication”. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 48, No, 1, pp.5-15. Malhotra, N.K. (2010). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. (6th ed).
  • Upper Saddle, NJ: Pearson. Malik, M.E., Ghafoor, M.M., Hafiz, K.I., Riaz, U., Hassan, N.U., Mustafa, M. and Shahbaz, S. (2013). “Importance of Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty in
  • Assessing Purchase Intentions of Consumer”. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 4, No, 5, pp.167-171. Morton, L.P. (2002). “Targeting Generation Y”. Public Relations Quarterly, Vol. , No, 2, pp.46-48.
  • Nakamoto, K., MacInnis, D.J. and Jung, H.S. (1993). Advertising Claims and Evidence as Bases for Brand Equity and Consumer Evaluations of Brand
  • Extensions (in Janiszewski, C. and Van Osselaer, S. M. (2000). “A Connectionist Model of B r a n d - Q u a l i t y Associations”. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 37, No, 3, pp.331-350).
  • Newbery, M. (2009). Global Market Review of Active Sportswear and Athletic
  • Footwear – Forecasts to 2016. Worcestershire: Aroq Limited.
  • O'Cass, A. and Choy, E. (2008). “Studying Chinese Generation Y Consumers'
  • Involvement in Fashion Clothing and Perceived Brand Status”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 17, No, 5, pp.341-352. O'Cass, A. and Frost, H. (2002). “Status brands: examining the effects of non- product-related brand associations on status and conspicuous consumption”.
  • Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 11, No, 2, pp.67-88. Oliver R.L. (1997). Satisfaction: A Behavioural Perspective on the Customer.
  • Singapore: Mc-Graw-Hill. Oliver, R. L. (1999). “Whence Consumer Loyalty?” The Journal of Marketing, p.33-44.
  • Olsen, J.C. (1972). Cue Utilization in the Quality Perception Process: A Cognitive
  • Model and an Empirical Test. [Doctoral dissertation: Purdue University]. Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis
  • Using SPSS for Windows. (3rd ed). NY: McGraw Hill. Pappu, R., Quester, P.G. and Cooksey, R.W. (2005). “Consumer-Based Brand
  • Equity: Improving the Measurement-Empirical Evidence”. Journal of Product & Pitta, D.A. and Prevel Katsanis, L. (1995). “Understanding Brand Equity for
  • Successful Brand Extension”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 12, No, 4, pp.51-64. Poddar, A., Donthu, N. and Wei, Y. (2009). “Web Site Customer Orientations,
  • Web Site Quality, and Purchase Intentions: The Role of Web Site Personality”. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, No, 4, pp.441-450. Richardson, P.S., Dick, A.S. and Jain, A.K. (1994). “Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue
  • Effects on Perceptions of Store Brand Quality”. The Journal of Marketing, pp.28- Roy, R. and Chau, R. (2011). “Consumer-Based Brand Equity and Status-Seeking
  • Motivation for a Global Versus Local Brand”. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 23, No, 3, pp.270-284. Schiffman, L.G., and Kanuk, L.L. (2000). Consumer Behavior, (7th ed). NY: Prentice Hall.
  • Schoell, W.F., Guiltinan, J.P., Pritchett, B.M. and Pritchett, T.K. (1990).
  • Marketing: Contemporary Concepts and Practices. Allyn and Bacon: Boston Severi, E. and Ling, K.C. (2013), “The Mediating Effects of Brand Association,
  • Brand Loyalty, Brand Image and Perceived Quality on Brand Equity”. Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, No, 3, pp.125-137. Simon, C.J. and Sullivan, M.W. (1993). “The Measurement and Determinants of
  • Brand Equity: A Financial Approach”. Marketing Science, Vol. 12, No, 1, pp.28- Sports Trader. (2007). Estimating
  • Market. http://www.sportstrader.co.za/pages/Industry%20news/Estimating%20the %20size%20of%20the%20SA%20shoe%20market.html [Accessed 24.07.2016].
  • Spreng, R.A., Harrell, G.D. and Mackoy, R.D. (1995). “Service Recovery: Impact on Satisfaction and Intentions”. Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 9, No, 1, pp.15-23. Sunday
  • Next. http://www.sundaytimesgennext.co.za [Accessed 24.07.2016]. Brand Survey. (2016). Sunday Times Generation
  • Tong, X. and Hawley, J.M. (2009). “Measuring Customer-Based Brand Equity:
  • Empirical Evidence from the Sportswear Market in China”. Journal of Product & Van Osselaer, S.M. and Janiszewski, C. (2001). “Two Ways of Learning Brand
  • Associations”. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.202-223. Waddell, H. (1995). “Getting a Straight Answer”. Marketing Research, Vol. 7, No, 3, p.4.
  • Wong, F.Y. and Sidek, Y. (2008). “Influence of Brand Loyalty on Consumer
  • Sportswear”. International Journal of Economics and Management, Vol. 2, No, 2, pp.221-236. Yoo, B. and Donthu, N. (2001). “Developing and Validating a Multidimensional
  • Consumer- Based Brand Equity Scale”. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 52, No, 1, pp.1-14. Yoo, B., Donthu, N. and Lee, S. (2000). “An Examination of Selected Marketing
  • Mix Elements and Brand Equity”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 28, No, 2, pp.195-211. Zeithaml, V.A. (1988). “Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A
  • Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence”. The Journal of Marketing, pp.2