Messam NAQVİ, Akhtar ABBAS, Hassan RAZA, Maria HAMİD

Havacılıkta Doğadan Esinlenen Uçan Taşıtlar ve Gelecekteki Meydan Okumalar

Modern kent savaşı meydan okumaları kirli, mat ve tehlikeli (D3) çevre sınırlarında uçabilen yüksek çeviklikte, uçan makineleri gerektirmiştir. Havacılık ve malzeme alanındaki son teknolojik gelişmeler kuşların ve böceklerinkine benzer tasarımların ve uçuş rejimlerinin keşfini ortaya çıkarmıştır. 6 inch ölçüye kadar olan tüm boyutlardaki robotlar Mikro Hava Taşıtları (Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs)) olarak, 1 inch ve daha küçük ölçüde olan olanlar Nano Hava Taşıtları (Nano Air Vehicles (NAVs)) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu uçuş rejiminde, basit tasarımları nedeni ile genelde sabit kanat antenli taşıtlar tercih edilmiştir ancak bunların gezinme yetenekleri yoktur. Döner kanatlı tasarımlar da gezinme yeteneği ilavesi ile takip edebilir olmuştur ancak bunlar, havada daha hızlı hareket edemezler ve dahili bataryalarının kapasiteleri ve ebatları yüzünden dayanıklılıkları sınırlıdır. Kuşların ve böceklerin manevra kabiliyetlerini takip edebilmek için, aynı kanat yapısını etkili bir şekilde kullanılarak itme ve kalkma hareketlerini yapabilen çırpan kanat tasarımları gerekmektedir. Gelecekte, malzemeler, üretim teknolojisi ve elektronik minyatürizasyon alanlarındaki gelişmeler, çok titiz görev profilleri ile doğal kuş ve böceklere benzer çırpan kanatlı robotların tasarım ve gelişimine imkan sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma, kent savaşları boyunca karşılaşılacak olan meydan okumalarda böcek ve kuş uçuşlarını taklit eden çırpan kanatlı tasarımların gerekliliğini vurgulamayı amaçlanmıştır.

Nature Inspired Flying Vehicles and Future Challenges in Aerospace

The challenges of modern urban warfare require high agility flying machines capable of flight in confined dirty, dull and dangerous (D3) environments. Recent technological advancements in the field of aerospace and materials have enabled the exploration of flight regimes and designs similar to those of birds and insects. Flying robots with a size limit of 6 inches in all dimensions are called Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) [1] and smaller ones with the size constraint of 1 inch are termed Nano Air Vehicles (NAVs). Fixed wing aerial vehicles are generally preferred in this flight regime due to simplistic design but these lack the hovering capability. Rotary wing designs are also being pursued with added hovering capability, but these cannot move faster through the air and their endurance is limited by the size and capacity of on-board batteries. In order to mimic the maneuverability of birds and insects, flapping wing designs are required which could produce lift and thrust efficiently using the same wing planform. Future, advancements in materials, manufacturing technology and miniaturization of electronics will enable design and development of flapping wing robots similar to natural birds and insects with very demanding mission profiles. This paper aims at highlighting the future requirements of urban warfare along with the challenges being faced to pursue flapping wing designs mimicking insects and birds flight.

Keywords:

Micro Air Vehicle, Nano Air Vehicle, Low Reynolds No Aerial Robotics / Mikro hava taşıtları, Nano Hava Taşıtları, Düşük Reynold Sayısı, Antenli Robotik,

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