Sustainable Food Alternative In Gastronomy: Edible Insects (Entomophagy)

The increase in the world population, the inefficient use of resources and the constant change in living conditions constitute the problems of our age. Besides all these, the sustainability of food resources is gaining more importance day by day due to problems such as climate changes and insufficient agricultural areas. In the future, especially meeting the protein requirement is foreseen as a fundamental problem. Edible insects are considered as sustainable food sources due to the advantages in their production when compared to traditional protein sources. It is predicted that the way of eating and drinking will change in the coming years due to problems such as population growth, climate change and food crises. A literature review was conducted in this study on gastronomy trends, etymology and historical development of entomophagy, edible insects as a sustainable food alternative, the advantages of edible insects, and insect cultivation and consumption in the world and in Turkey.

___

  • Baker, M. A., Shin, J. T. & Kim, Y. W. (2016). An Exploration And İnvestigation Of Edible İnsect Consumption: The İmpacts Of İmage and Description On Risk Perceptions And Purchase İntent. Psychology and Marketing, 33(2), 94-112.
  • Baş Aksoy, A. & El, S. N. (2021). Geleceğin Protein Kaynağı: Yenilebilir Böcekler. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(5): 887-896. (in Turkish).
  • Başçınar, N. S. (2007). Ülkemizdeki Kabuklu ve Yumuşakça Su Ürünleri Üretimi ve İhracatı. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, (2), s. 13-17. (in Turkish).
  • Becker, E. W. (2007). Micro-Algae as A Source of Protein, Biotechnol Adv, 25(2), 207-210.
  • Dossey, A. T., Tatum J. T. & McGill, W. L. (2016). Modern Insect-Based Food Industry: Current Status, Insect Processing Technology, and Recommendations Moving Forward, In: Dossey AT, Morales-Ramos JA, Guadalupe Rojas M (Ed.), Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients: Production, Processing and Food Applications. p. 113-150.
  • Erdoğan, B., Görür, A., Peksever, D., Sümer, O. & El, S. N. (2021). Sürdürülebilir Protein Kaynağı Olarak Yenilebilir Böceklerin Besleyici Özellikleri ve Tüketici Kabulü. GIDA, 46 (5) 1105-1116. (in Turkish).
  • FAO. (2013). Edible insects. Future prospects for food and feed security Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/i3253e/i3253e00.pdf. (Date of access: 26.11.2021).
  • Guine, R. P. F., Correia, P., Coelho, C. &Costa, C. A. (2021). The role of edible insects to mitigate challenges for sustainability, Open Agriculture, 6: 24–36.
  • Güneş, E., Sormaz, Ü. & Nizamlıoğlu, F. (2017). Gıda ve Turizm Sektöründe Böceklere Yer Var mı? International Journal of Turkish World Tourism Studies, Vol: 2, No:1. (in Turkish).
  • Gürlük, S. & Turan, Ö. (2008). Dünya Gıda Krizi: Nedenleri ve Etkileri. U.Ü. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Volume 22, Issue 1,63-74. (in Turkish).
  • Hanboonsong, Y., Jamjanya, T. & Durst, P. B. (2013). Six-legged livestock: edible insect farming, collection and marketing in Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office For Asia and the Pasific.
  • Jongema, Y. (2017). List of Edible İnsect Species of The World. Wageningen, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University.
  • Karaman, R. (2019). Geçmişten Günümüze Gastronomi Trendleri: Potansiyel Yerli Turistlerin Yenilebilir Böcekler Akımına Yönelik Algılarının Ölçülmesi. Balıkesir University, Institute of Social Sciences (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Department of Tourism Management. (in Turkish).
  • Karaman, R. (2020). Yenilebilir Böcekler Kapsamında Çekirge ve Karides. Journal of Global Tourism and Technology Research (JGTTR), 1 (1). (in Turkish).
  • Kurgun, H. (2017). Gastronomi Trendleri Milenyum ve Ötesi. Ankara: Detay Publishing. (in Turkish).
  • Kurgun, O. A. (2017). Yenilebilir Böcekler (Entomophagy/Edible Insects). Hülya Kurgun (Ed.) Gastronomi Trendleri Milenyum ve Ötesi içinde (p. 255-274). Ankara: Detay Publishing. (in Turkish).
  • Mankan, E. (2017). Gastronomide Yeni Trendler-Yenilebilir Böcekler. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 12/3, p. 425-440. (in Turkish).
  • Müller, A., Evans, J., Pane, C. & Robert, R. (2016). Entomophagy and Power. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2 (2), s. 121-136.
  • Nadeu, L., Nadeu, I., Franklin, F. & Dunkel, F. (2014). The potential for entomophagy to address undernutrition. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1-9.
  • Narzari, S. & Sarmah, J. (2015). A study on the Prevalence of Entomophagy among the bodos of Assam. Journal of Entomophagy and Zoology Studies, 3 (2), 315-320.
  • Nizamlıoğlu, F. (Ed.). (2018). Gastronomide Güncel Konular. 1st Edition. Konya: Billur Publishing House.
  • Oaklander, M. (2015). 20 Delicious Bug Recipes from Chefs. Retrieved from https://time.com/3830167/eating-bugs-insects-recipes/. Date of access: 28.11.2021.
  • Oğan, Y. (2021). Gastronomi Turizmi ve Gastronomik Akımlar. Muhammet Cenk BİRİNCİ, Özgür Yayla (Ed.), Rekreasyon ve Turizm Araştırmaları içinde (p. 34-52). Konya: Çizgi Bookstore Publications. (in Turkish).
  • Özkan, M. & Güneş, E. (2020). Alternatif Gıda Kaynağı Olarak Yenilebilir Böceklerin Kullanımına Dair Bakış Açılarının Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 2020, 8 (2), 839-851. (in Turkish).
  • Pal, P. & Roy, S. (2014). Edible insects: Future of human food-A review. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 26, 1-11.
  • Ramos-Elorduy J. (1998). Creepy Crawly Cuisine: The Gourmet Guide to Edible Insects. Park Street Press, Rochester, Paris.
  • Ramos-Elorduy, J. (2005). Insects: A Hopeful Food Source. M.G. Paoletti, (Ed). Ecological İmplications of Minilivestock. Enfield NH, USA. Science Publications.
  • Shapla, R. (2012). A permanent food source edible insects. Health and Nutirition, November 21-22.
  • Uzun, Y. E. (2017). Çiğ Balık Tüketmek Sağlıklı Mıdır ve Güvenli Midir? Retrieved from https://www.tavsiyeediyorum.com/makale_18462.htm. Date of access: 27.11.2021. (in Turkish).
  • Van Der Spiegel, M., Noordam, M. Y. & Van Der Fels-Klerx, H. J. (2013). Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 12(6), 662-678.
  • Van Huis, A. (2015). Edible İnsects Contributing to Food Security. Agric and Food Secur, 4(20), 1- 9.
  • Van Huis, A., Van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G. ve Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible insects: Future prospects for food and feed security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
  • Winterman, D. (2012). Future foods: what will we be eating in 20 years’ time? Accessed from: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-18813075. Date of Access: 25.11.2021.
  • Yıldız, M., & Yılmaz, M. (2020). Gastronomi Alanındaki Trendlere Bir Bakış. Sivas Interdisipliner Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, (5), 19-35. (in Turkish).