3B YAZICILAR İÇİN CAM FİBER KATKILI KOMPOZİT FİLAMENT ÜRETİMİ VE MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

3B yazıcıların hızlı prototipleme ve özel üretim alanlarında kullanımı hızla artmaktadır. En yaygın kullanılan 3B yazıcı teknolojisi olan eriyik biriktirme yönteminde (FDM), polilaktik asit (PLA) malzeme yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. 3D yazıcı baskılarının prototip veya model üretiminin ötesinde kullanılabilir parça üretiminde kullanılabilmesi için kullanılan filamentlerin mekanik özelliklerinin de geliştirilmesi gerekli olmuştur. Bu amaçla takviyeli kompozit filamentlerin geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada ana amaç cam lifi takviyeli kompozit PLA filament üreterek, özellikle eğilme ve darbe direnci daha yüksek, kullanılabilir parçaların 3B yazıcı ile üretilebilmesine olanak sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla PLA termoplastik malzemeye %5, %10 ve %15 oranlarında cam lifi (CL) katkısı yapılarak çift vidalı ekstrüderde kompozit granül elde edilmiş ve bu granüllerden de 1,75 mm çapında 3B yazıcı filamenti üretilmiştir. Elde edilen kompozit filament kullanılarak 3B yazıcıda yazdırılan parçaların çekme dayanımı (ASTM D638), eğilme dayanımı (ASTM D790) ve darbe direnci (ASTM D6110) değerleri belirlenerek saf PLA’dan üretilen örneklerin değerleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. 3B yazıcıda parça üretim sürecinde yazdırma parametrelerinin mekanik özelliklere etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla da, %10, %50 ve %90 olmak üzere üç farklı doluluk oranı; rectilinear, grid ve honeycomb yazdırma geometrileri ile 190°C ve 210°C yazdırma esnasında ekstrüder sıcaklığı parametreleri kullanılarak deney örnekleri hazırlanmıştır. PLA malzemeye CL katkısı mekanik özellikleri etkilemiş, %5 CLT katkısı ile çekme dayanımında %28, eğilme dayanımında %24 artış; %10 CL katkısı ile de darbe direncinde %8,6 artış elde edilmiştir. CL katkı oranının %15 olması durumunda ise mekanik dirençlerde azalma meydana gelmiştir. Yazdırma parametrelerinden doluluk oranı ile mekanik özellikler arasında doğrusal bir ilişki olduğu ancak yazdırma geometrisi ve sıcaklığının önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

3B yazıcı, PLA, Cam lifi, kompozit filament

MANUFACTURING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A GLASS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE FILAMENT FOR 3D PRINTERS

The use of 3D printers in rapid prototyping and specialty manufacturing areas is increasing rapidly. In the melt deposition method (FDM), which is the most widely used 3D printer technology, polylactic acid (PLA) material is widely preferred. In order for 3D printing to be used in the production of usable parts beyond prototype or model production, it was necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the filaments used. For this purpose, it is important to develop reinforced composite filaments. In this study, the main purpose was to produce glass fiber reinforced PLA composite filament, which has particularly higher bending and impact resistance and to allow producing parts which can be used as a functional part by using a 3D printer. In the study, to produce composite granule, glass fiber powder (GF) were added by 5%, 10% and 15% to a thermoplastic PLA by using a twin-screw extruder. With these granules, 1,75 mm filament was extruded by using single screw extruder. In order to determine the mechanical properties of the 3D printed specimens, tensile test (ASTM D638), flexural test (ASTMD790) and impact strength (ASTM D6110) test performed. To determine the effect of the printing parameters on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens, three infill geometries (Grid, Rectilinear, Full honeycomb), three infill rate (10%, 50%, 90%) and two nozzle temperatures (190°C and 210°C) were used. Addition of GF to the PLA affected the mechanical properties of the printed parts. Adding 5% GF resulted in a 28% increase in tensile strength and a 24% increase in flexural strength. Adding 10% GF led an 8,6 % increase in Charpy impact strength. It was determined that mechanical properties decrease when the addition ratio of GFP increases to 15%. It was also determined that there was a direct proportion between infill rate and mechanical properties, but neither infill geometry nor nozzle temperature affected the mechanical properties, significantly.

Keywords:

3D printer, PLA, Glass fiber, composite filament,

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