D VİTAMİNİ EKSİKLİĞİ NEDENİYLE TEDAVİ ALAN POLİKİSTİK OVER SENDROMLU HASTALARIN KLİNİK, METABOLİK VE ULTRASONOGRAFİK PARAMETRELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, D vitamini eksikliği nedeniyle tedavi alan polikistik over sendromlu hastaların klinik, metabolik, ultrasonografik parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal-Metod: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı, Üreme Endokrinolojisi ve İnfertilite Bilim Dalı Polikliniği’ne 01/12/2013-01/12/2014 tarihleri arasında başvuran polikistik over sendromu tanısı konulan toplam 95 hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. D vitamini eksikliği nedeniyle tedavi alan polikistik over sendromlu hastaların 3 aylık tedavi sonrasındaki klinik, metabolik, ultrasonografik parametreleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Vitamin D3 kullanımı sonrasında 0.ay ve 3.ay arasında kilo,bel çevresi,kalça çevresi,bel/kalça oranı, LH, FSH, estradiol, total testosteron, PRL, TSH, OGTT düzeyi, insülin, 17-OH progesteron, HDL, LDL, trigliserit, total kolesterol, açlık kan şekeri düzeyi, ortalama arteriyal kan basıncı, androstenedion, SHBG, VKİ, HOMA-IR, total over volümü değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık izlenmedi. Ferriman gallwey skoru, adet düzeni, 25-OH D vitamini düzeyi, DHEAS düzeyi, free testosteron, LH/FSH oranı, total antral folikül sayısı, free androjen indeks düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalma saptandı. 25-OH D vitamin düzeyi artışı ile LH/FSH oranı düzeyi, total antral folikül sayısı, serbest androjen indeksi düzeyi, DHEAS düzeyi azalması korelasyonu, pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirildi ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı[(p

___

  • 1. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2745–9.
  • 2. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus whorkshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycycstic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004;81(1):19–25.
  • 3. Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev. 1997;18(6):774–800.
  • 4. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W , Janssen OE, Legro RS, Norman RJ, Taylor AE, Witchel SF. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil steril. 2009;91(2):456-88.
  • 5. Daniilidis A, Dinas K. Long term health consequences of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a review analysis. Hippokratia. 2009;13(2):90–2.
  • 6. Lord J, Wilkin T. Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2004;16(6):481–6.
  • 7. Setji TL, Brown AJ. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Update on diagnosis and treatment. J Med. 2014;127(10):912-919.
  • 8. O’Brien RF, Emans SJ. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolecan 2008; 21(3):119–28.
  • 9. Orio F, Azziz R. Report on the Third Annual Meeting of the Androgen Excess Society. Fertil Steril. 2006;86(5):1318–20.
  • 10. De Felici M, Dolci S & Siracusa G. An increase of intracellular free Ca2C is essential for spontaneous meiotic resumption by Mouse oocytes. Journal of Experimental Zoology 1991 260 401–405.
  • 11. Aleyasin A, Hosseini MA, Mahdavi A, Safdarian L, Fallahi P, Mohajeri MR, Abbasi M & Esfahani F. Predictive value of the level of vitamin D in follicular fluid on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 2011 159 132–137.
  • 12. Scragg R, Holdaway I, Singh V, Metcalf P, Baker J, Dryson E. Se¬rum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995; 27:181-8.
  • 13. Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes, and ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2813-8.
  • 14. Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Li T, Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Man¬son JE, et al. Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2006;29:650-6.
  • 15. Mattila C, Knekt P, Mannisto S, Rissanen H, Laaksonen MA, Mon¬tonen J, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2569- 70.
  • 16. Liu E, Meigs JB, Pittas AG, McKeown NM, Economos CD, Booth SL, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d is associated with markers of the insulin resistant phenotype in nondiabetic adults. J Nutr 2009;139:329-34.
  • 17. Selimoglu H, Duran C, Kiyici S, Ersoy C, Guclu M, Ozkaya G, et al. The effect of vitamin D replacement therapy on insulin resistance and androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2010;33:234-8.
  • 18. Kotsa, K., Yavropoulou, M.P., Anastasiou, O. et al. Role of vitamin D treatment in glucose metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility (2009) 92, 1053–1058.
  • 19. Wehr, E., Pieber, T.R. & Obermayer-Pietsch, B. Effect of vitamin D3 treatment on glucose metabolism and menstrual frequency in PCOS women-a pilot study. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation(2011) 34, 757–763.
  • 20. Thys-Jacobs S, Donovan D, Papadopoulos A, Sarrel P & Bilezikian JP. Vitamin D and calcium dysregulation in the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Steroids 1999 64 430–435.
  • 21. Pal, L., Shu, J., Zeitlian, G. et al. (2008) Vitamin D insufficiency in reproductive years may be contributory to ovulatory infertility and PCOS. Fertility and Sterility, 90, S14.
  • 22. Rashidi, B., Haghollahi, F., Shariat, M. et al. The Effects of Calcium- Vitamin D and Metformin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Pilot Study. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology(2009), 48, 142–147.
  • 23. Glintborg, D., Andersen, M., Hagen, C. et al. Higher bone mineral density in Caucasian, hirsute patients of reproductive age. Positive correlation of testosterone levels with bone mineral density in hirsutism. Clinical Endocrinology (2005),62, 683–691.
  • 24. Wehr E, Pilz S, Schweighofer N, Giuliani A, Kopera D, Pieber TR, et al. Association of hypovitaminosis D with metabolic disturbanc¬es in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2009;161:575- 82.
  • 25. Hahn S, Haselhorst U, Tan S, Quadbeck B, Schmidt M, Roesler S, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are asso¬ciated with insulin resistance and obesity in women with poly¬cystic ovary syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006;114: 577-83.
  • 26. Li HW, Brereton RE, Anderson RA, Wallace AM, Ho CK. Vitamin D deficiency is common and associated with metabolic risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2011; 60:1475-81.
  • 27. Mosca L., Appel LJ., Benjamin EJ. Evidence based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. J Am. Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 900-21.
  • 28. Yildizhan R, Kurdoglu M, Adali E, Kolusari A, Yildizhan B, Sahin HG & Kamaci M. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 280 559–563.
  • 29. Mazloomi S, Sharifi F, Hajihosseini R, Kalantari S, Mazloomzadeh S. Association between Hypoadiponectinemia and Low Serum Concentrations of Calcium and Vitamin D in Women with Poly¬cystic Ovary Syndrome. ISRN Endocrinol 2012;2012:949427.
  • 30. Zittermann, A., Schleithoff, S.S. & Koerfer, R. Putting cardiovascular disease and vitamin D insufficiency into perspective. British Journal of Nutrition (2005),94, 483–492.
  • 31. Merke, J., Hofmann, W., Goldschmidt, D. et al. Demonstration of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 receptors and actions in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Calcified Tissue International(1987), 41, 112–114.
  • 32. Somjen, D., Weisman, Y., Kohen, F. et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha hydroxylase is expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells and is upregulated by parathyroid hormone and estrogenic compounds. Circulation (2005), 111,1666–1671.
  • 33. Merke, J., Milde, P., Lewicka, S. et al. Identification and regulation of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor activity and biosynthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Studies in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and human dermal capillaries. J Clin Invest(1989), 83, 1903–1915.
  • 34. Wang, T.J., Pencina, M.J., Booth, S.L. et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation(2008), 117, 503–511.
  • 35. Scragg, R., Jackson, R., Holdaway, I.M. et al. Myocardial infarction is inversely associated with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels: a community based study. International Journal of Epidemiology(1990), 19, 559–563.
  • 36. Giovannucci, E., Liu, Y., Hollis, B.W. et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Archives of Internal Medicine(2008), 168, 1174–1180.
  • 37. Pilz, S., Dobnig, H., Nijpels, G. et al. Vitamin D and mortality in older men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (2009), 71, 666–672.
  • 38. Kilkkinen, A., Knekt, P., Aro, A. et al. Vitamin D status and the risk of cardiovascular disease death. American Journal of Epidemiology (2009), 170, 1032–1039.
  • 39. Ginde, A.A., Scragg, R., Schwartz, R.S. et al. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in older U.S. Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc (2009), 57, 1595–1603.
  • 40. Mahmoudi, T. (2009) Genetic variation in the vitamin D receptor and polycystic ovary syndrome risk. Fertility and Sterility, 92, 1381–1383.