Sertaç Timur DEMİR

Riyazetten Modern Diyet Toplumuna: Kutsallık ve Hiçlik Arasında Beden

Bu çalışma, ruhun kemalâtı için az yemeği öğütleyen riyazet çağından beden için diyet toplumunu yücelten modern çağa geçişi analiz etmektedir. Burada, hipotez olarak, ruh ve beden arasındaki ikircikli ve çatışmalı durumun, yerini insanın bedenîleştiği ve bedenin de hiçleştiği kollektif bir düzene bıraktığı öne sürülmektedir. Beden, tüm özgürleşme söylemlerinin ötesinde, modernitenin hem bitmeyen sermayesi hem de açmazına dönüşmüştür. Bu rejimde bireyler sıskalar ve şişkolar olarak kategorize edilirken; kendilik (the Self) gittikçe görselleşir. Öte yandan bu teşhir edici endüstrileşmiş görselleştirme beklenmedik biçimde tekrarlı, tekdüze ve algıyı körelticidir. Burada beden vurgulandıkça kaybolur. Mutluluk ve kurtuluşun salt spor salonu, zayıflama hapları ve diyet programlarına indirgendiği bu yeni yaşam formülü, bilhassa tıp bilimi ve medya aracılığıyla geniş kitleleri biteviye yeniden üretmektedir. Mutlak güzellik ve mutluluğa ermeyi amaçlayan her temayül yeni bir tatminsizlik ve sonsuz bir arayış olarak kendi küllerinden doğar. Bu çalışma, Meksika yapımı Malos Hábitos (2007) filmi üzerinden, bedenî ve manevi varlık, bireysel ve toplumsal beden, açlık ve oburluk, ayna ve görünüm, arzu ve tatminsizlik arasındaki ikiliklere odaklanmaktadır. Bu bakımdan, Türkiye'de son yıllarda sıklıkla tartışılan beden ve özgürlük kavramları etrafındaki seküler yorumlara zımni olarak eleştirel bir duruş da sunmaktadır.

From Asceticism to the Modern Diet Society: The Body between Sanctity and Nonentity

This paper analyses -- not chronologically, but sociologically -- the transition from the age of asceticism, which advises one to eat like a bird in order to perfect the soul, to the modern age, in which the diet society is highlighted. It asserts that this ambivalent and conflictive situation between soul and body creates a collective regime in which the human being is embodied and the body becomes nothing. The body, being beyond all means of liberation, turns into both an unending capital and an abysmal swamp of modernity. Under this regime, the Self reflects upon itself and categorises the body as either skinny or fat. Besides, the exhibitive industrialised visualisation of the Self is unexpectedly blinding. Here, the body disappears as much as it is highlighted. The new style-life formula, which reduces bliss and salvation to the gym, slimming pills and diet programmes, incessantly guides the masses through the medical sciences and, in particular, the media. Every tendency towards achieving absolute beauty and happiness is reborn from its own ashes as a new form of dissatisfaction and leads to endless searching. Through the Mexican film Malos Hábitos (2007), this paper focuses on the dichotomies between physical and spiritual existence, the individual and the social body, hunger and gluttony, mirror and appearance, and desire and dissatisfaction. In this respect, it implicitly offers a critical stance of secular discourses focusing around the concepts of the body and freedom that have often been debated in recent years in Turkey.

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