ŞIKAGO KONVANSIYONU'NUN 83 BIS MADDESININ ULUSLARARASI VE TÜRK HAVACILIK HUKUKUNA ETKILERI

Percival E. Fansler adındaki ünlü girişimcinin Tampa ve St. Petersburg şehirleri arasını kısaltmak için üretici Thomas Benoist'ten almış olduğu hava araçları ile başlayan ticari havacılık sektörü bugün 103.yılını kutlamaktadır. O gün Fansler'in hava aracı ile seyahati için 400 $ (yaklaşık bugünkü 10.000 $) vermek gerekirken, bugün orta gelir gruplarına dahil olan insanlar dahi bu hava taşımacılığının konfor ve zaman kazandıran kalitesinden yararlanabilmektedirler. Öte yandan havayolu şirketleri-işletmeciler yahut operatörler- kârlılıklarını korumak için birbirleri ile kiralama (lease), çarter (charter) yahut değiş tokuş (interchange) gibi birtakım özel hukuk anlaşmaları yapmak suretiyle karşılıklı ticarî havacılık faaliyetinde bulunmaktadırlar. Tescil devletinin yükünü azaltmak, kendisinin kontrolünden uzaklaşan hava aracı üzerinde denetimi sağlamak maksadıyla tescil devletinde yer alan hava aracını işletecek operatörün esas idare merkezi, eğer öyle bir merkez yoksa, daimî ikametgâhının bulunduğu âkit operator devletinin tescil devleti ile yapacağı anlaşma ile Şikago Konvansiyonunun 12 (Havacılık Kuralları) 30 (Hava aracı Radyo Teçhizatı), 31 (Uçuşa Elverişlilik Belgesi) ve 32 (a) (Personel lisansları) maddelerinde yer alan fonksiyon ve yükümlülüklerin tamamı yahut bir kısmını üstlenmesini sağlayan transfer anlaşması bağıtlama imkânı veren 83 BIS Protokolü, bu Protokol'ün uluslararası hukukta ve Türk Hukukundaki kapsam ve etkileri bu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır.

THE EFFECTS OF ARTICLE 83 BIS OF THE CHICAGO CONVENTION TO INTERNATIONAL AND TURKISH AVIATION LAW

The commercial aviation sector celebrates its one hundred and third anniversary of the day the famous entrepreneur named Percival E. Fansler managed to shorten the duration of the trip between the two cities of Tampa and St. Petersburg. The first ticket was sold to a businessman for 400$ (approximately today's 10.000$). Today, not only businessmen but also persons with moderate income can benefit from the comfortability and the time saving qualifications of air transportation. On the other hand airlines in order to protect their costs have been seeking some commercial operations of lease, charter and interchange of aircraft by making private law agreements. Here, the Protocol in question aims at reducing the burdens of State of Registry when the aircraft has been leased, chartered to the foreign operator which has principal place of business or if he has no such place of business, his permanent residence in other contracting State, namely State of Operator. According to the Protocol 83 BIS State of Registry may, by agreement with the State of Operator, transfer to it all or part of its functions and duties as State of Registry in respect of that aircraft under articles 12 (Rules of the air), 30 (Aircraft Radio Equipment), 31 (Certificate of Airworthiness) and 32(a)(Licences of Personnel) by relieving of responsibility in respect of the functions and duties transferred. In this Article we focused on the history of the enactment of this Protocol, scope and the effects thereof in international and Turkish Law. In Turkish law we focused on esp. the dry lease agreements between the foreign and national operators. According to the By-Law on LEASING of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, for the validity of the dry-lease agreements, the state of registry and the state of operator has to conclude a 83 BIS transfer agreement.

PDF

___

ABEYRATNE, Ruwantissa: Convention on International Civil Aviation-A Commentary(ABEYRATNE, Commentary), Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
ABEYRATNE, Ruwantissa: Rulemaking in Air Transport: A Deconstructive Analysis (ABEYRATNE, Rulemaking), 1. Ed. Springer International Publishing, 2016.
FALLER Edmund: International Civil Aviation Organization Activities of ICAO in the Legal Field, Zeitschrift für Luft- und Weltraumrecht 30 (3), 1981.
FITZGERALD, Gerald F.:"The Lease, Charter and Interchange of Aircraft in International Operations-Article 83 BIS of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation", Annals of Air and Space Law, 6, 1981, s.49-64
GÜNDOĞAN KIRMIZITAŞ, Türkân: 6361 Sayılı Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring ve Finansman Şirketleri Kanunu'na Göre Finansal Kiralama Sözleşmesi, Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara 2017.
HANLEY, Donal Patrick: Aircraft Operating Leasing: A Legal and Practical Analysis in the Context of Public and Private International Air Law, Leiden University (yayımlanmamış doktora tezi), 2011, s. 172, https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/18146/Thesis% 20Print%20Version%2013102011%20Hanley.pdf?sequence=16 (Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2017)
HAVEL, Brian/SANCHEZ, Gabriel S., The Principles and Practice of International Aviation Law, Cambridge University Press, 2014
HUANG, Jiefang: Aviation Safety Through the Rule of Law. (Aviation Law and Policy) ICAO's Mechanism and Practices, 1. Ed., Kluwer Law International, 2009.
MILDE, Michael: "23rd Session of the ICAO Legal Committee (MILDE, 23rd Session)", Air & Space L., 3(2), 1978, s.130-132 MILDE, Michael: International Air Law and ICAO (MILDE, Air Law), Edition 2, Eleven International Publishing, 2012
PAZARCI: Hüseyin, Uluslararası Hukuk Dersleri 1. Kitap, 13. Baskı, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara 2016. PINKERTON, Suzanne C.: Aviation, University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 10, 1978.
PROLESS, Alexander: "Article 34 General rule regarding third States", in Dörr, Oliver/ SCHMALENBACH, Kirsten (ed.) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties A Commentary, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
SHAW, Malcolm: International Law, 6. Baskı, Cambridge University Press, Londra 2008..
SİRMEN, Kazım Sedat: Hava Araçlarının Tâbiiyeti, Söz Kesen Matbaacılık, Ankara 2005. STEWART, John T.: "Lease, Charter and Interchange of Aircraft: A Governmental Perspective", Akron Law Review 14(2), 1981, s.187-213
VAN DAM, Roderick D.: Lease, Charter and Interchange of Aircraft and the Chicago Convention - Some Observation, Air & Space Law Journal, 19(3), 1994, s.124-130
VERHAEGEN, Benoit M.: "The Entry into Force of Article 83bis: Legal Perspectives in Term of Safety Oversight", Annals of Air and Space Law XXII (II) (1997), s.269-279
von ERLACH, Burkhart: Public Law Aspects of Lease, Charter and Interchange of Aircraft in International Operations, Institute of Air and Space Law McGill University (yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), 1990.