Başa Çıkma: Bütüncül Bir Gözden Geçirme

Psikolojik ve fizyolojik sağlığın önemli temellerinden biri değişimler ve zorlu yaşantılarla uyumlu bir şekilde başa çıkabilmektir. Başa çıkma, oldukça köklü bir geçmişe sahip olan ve günümüzde de çok fazla araştırmaya konu olan bir çalışma alanıdır. Öyle ki başa çıkmayı gerektiren yaşantılar ciddi yaşamsal zorluklardan günlük hayat streslerine kadar uzanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte epidemiyoloji, kişilik psikolojisi, bilişsel ve sosyal psikoloji ile tıp gibi çeşitli sağlık ve davranış bilimi disiplinleri de stres ve başa çıkma anlayışına katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu doğrultuda başa çıkma için pek çok farklı yaklaşım, model ya da ilişkili teoriler kapsamında açıklamalar getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Her ne büyük ilerlemeler kaydedilmiş olsa da kullanılan kavramlar, sınıflama ve ölçme araçlarının farklılıkları, yapılan çalışmaları karşılaştırmayı güçleştirmekte bu nedenle araştırmaların da birbiri üzerine eklenemediği de göze çarpmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, başa çıkma alanına dair yaklaşımları, modelleri ve başa çıkma davranışlarına dair oluşturulmuş sınıflamaları bütüncül ve sistemli bir şekilde incelemektir. Bu bağlamda konu ile ilgili incelemeler yapmak isteyen araştırmacılar ve psikolojik danışmanlar başta olmak üzere, alanda çalışan sağlık uzmanları için var olan karmaşaları azaltabilmek ve bütüncül bir bakış açısı yaratabilmek hedeflenmiştir. Son olarak araştırmacılar için bazı öneriler de sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Başa Çıkma, stres, başa çıkma yaklaşımları, başa çıkma sınıflamaları, gözden geçirme

Coping: A Holistic Review

One of the main bases of psycological and psychical health is adaptive coping with changes and tough experiences. Coping is a field of study that has a long history and is subjected to many researches today. Because experiences that need coping expand from serious life difficulties to the stresses of daily life. However, various disciplines of health and behavioral science, such as epidemiology, personality psychology, cognitive and social psychology, and medicine have also contributed to stress and coping field. In this direction, it’s been tried to brought explanations for coping within the context of many different approaches, models or related theories. Although great progress has been made, the differences in the concepts, classification and measurement tools used make it difficult to compare studies, and therefore, it is also noteworthy that research cannot be added to each other. The aim of this article is to examine the approaches, models and classifications regarding coping in a holistic and systematic way. In this context, it is aimed to reduce the complexities and create a holistic perspective for the researchers who want to make investigations and particularly psychological counselors as well as health professionals working in the field. Finally, some suggestions were presented for the researchers.

Keywords:

Coping, stress, coping approaches, coping classifications, review,

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