Abamektin Pestisitinin Anaerobik Arıtma Sisteminde Mikrobiyal Komunite ve Biyogaz Üretimi ÜzerindekiEtkisinin Araştırılması

Abamektin tarım ve hayvancılıkta yaygın olarak kullanılan bir pestisit olup organizmalar üzerinde çoklu toksiketkilere neden olabilmektedir. Ancak söz konusu toksik etkinin mekanizması hala tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır.Abamektinin çevresel ortamlarda sürekli olarak birikmesi, özellikle su ortamlarında potansiyel ekolojik riskleroluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı konsantrasyonlarda (0.25-5 mg $L^{-1}$ ) abamektinin anaerobik bir arıtma sistemindemikroorganizmalar ve biyogaz üretimi üzerindeki etkisi detaylı bir şekilde araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilenveriler, 2 mg $L^{-1}$ ’nin üzerindeki abamektin konsantrasyonlarının mikrobiyal ekolojiyi inhibe ederek biyogaz üretimini önemliölçüde azalttığını göstermiştir. Üretilen biyogaz miktarı, abamektin konsantrasyonunun artışına bağlı olarak belirgin birşekilde azalmış ve kontrol reaktörüne kıyasla 5 mg $L^{-1}$ abamektin içeren reaktörde üretilen biyogaz %97 oranında düşmüştür.Biyogaz üretiminin en yüksek olduğu süreçte kontrol reaktöründeki biyogazın metan ($CH_4$) içeriği ise yaklaşık olarak %50iken bu oran abamektin konsantrasyonunun artışına bağlı olarak önemli oranda azalmıştır ve 5 mg $L^{-1}$ abamektin beslemesiyapılan reaktörde üretilen biyogazın bileşiminde $CH_4$ bileşiğine rastlanmamıştır. Ayrıca, abamektin konsantrasyonununartışı ile reaktör içeriğindeki bakteri canlılık oranının önemli ölçüde azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, abamektinpestisitinin anaerobik mikroorganizmalar üzerinde toksik etki yaptığı ve buna bağlı olarak reaktör içerisindekibiyodegradasyon sürecinin olumsuz bir şekilde etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler, abamektin içeren atıksuların anaerobik prosesler ile arıtımı üzerine literatüre önemli ölçüde katkı sağlayabilir.

Investigation of Effect of Abamectin on Microbial Community and Biogas Production in Anaerobic Treatment

Abamectin is a widely used pesticide in agriculture and animal husbandry and can cause multiple toxic effectson organisms. However, the mechanism of this toxic effect has not been completely elucidated yet. The continuousaccumulation of abamectin in environmental environments can pose potential ecological risks, especially in aquaticenvironments. In this study, the effect of abamectin at different concentrations (0.25-5 mg $L^{-1}$ ) on microorganisms and biogasproduction in anaerobic treatment was investigated in detail. The results showed that biogas production significantly reduced at abamectin concentrations above 2 mg $L^{-1}$ because of the inhibition of microbial community. The amount of biogassignificantly reduced due to the increase in abamectin concentration and it decreased at the percentage of 97% in the reactor containing 5 mg $L^{-1}$ abamectin as compared to the control reactor. The $CH_4$ content of biogas in control reactor wasapproximately 50% during the highest biogas production, while it decreased significantly due to the increase in abamectinconcentration, and $CH_4$ was not detected in biogas produced in the reactor fed 5 mg $L^{-1}$ abamectin. Additionally, the viabilityof bacteria in the reactor significantly reduced with the increase in abamectin concentration. In conclusion, it has beendetermined that abamectin has a toxic effect on anaerobic microorganisms, and thus, the biodegradation process in the reactor is negatively affected from toxicity of abamectin. The data obtained as a result of this study can contribute significantly tothe literature on the treatment of wastewater containing abamectin by anaerobic processes.

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