Fatih ÇIĞ, Murat ERMAN, Mustafa CERİTOĞLU

Drought stress spearheads the main factors threatening food security. Although manystrategies might use for stress management, microbial inoculation with plant growth promoting bacterias(PGPBs) which have ACC deaminase activity and biochar amendment which is an effective way toincrease soil carbon stock, improve soil physiological and biological properties are sustainable and easyapplicable methods. The experiment was laid out in a 3x10 factorial design with three replications undercontrolled conditions in 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of microbialinoculation (MI: TV24C + TV126C + TV61C) and biochar amendments (1%BC, 2%BC and 4%BC)on growth of wheat seedlings under different irrigation levels (IL1: 80%, IL2: %50 and IL3: 25%).While biochar applications and microbial inoculation backed up to plants to alleviate drought stress,most effective results were obtained with combined applications of them. The combined application of4% biochar+microbial inoculation increased plant height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, rootfresh weight and root dry weight up to 28.3%, 56.8%, 72.2%, 141.3% and 112.8% compared withcontrol plants while it improved them up to 4.9%, 10.3%, 16.6%, 21.1% and 40.3% compared withoptimum synthetic fertilizer under drought conditions, respectively. In conclusion, biochar applicationswith microbial inoculations can be considered as an effective method to cope with the destructive effectsof drought.

Combined Application of Microbial Inoculation and Biochar to Mitigate Drought Stress in Wheat

Drought stress spearheads the main factors threatening food security. Although many strategies might use for stress management, microbial inoculation with plant growth promoting bacterias (PGPBs) which have ACC deaminase activity and biochar amendment which is an effective way to increase soil carbon stock, improve soil physiological and biological properties are sustainable and easyapplicable methods. The experiment was laid out in a 3x10 factorial design with three replications under controlled conditions in 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of microbial inoculation (MI: TV24C + TV126C + TV61C) and biochar amendments (1%BC, 2%BC and 4%BC) on growth of wheat seedlings under different irrigation levels (IL1: 80%, IL2: %50 and IL3: 25%). While biochar applications and microbial inoculation backed up to plants to alleviate drought stress, most effective results were obtained with combined applications of them. The combined application of 4% biochar+microbial inoculation increased plant height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight up to 28.3%, 56.8%, 72.2%, 141.3% and 112.8% compared with control plants while it improved them up to 4.9%, 10.3%, 16.6%, 21.1% and 40.3% compared with optimum synthetic fertilizer under drought conditions, respectively. In conclusion, biochar applications with microbial inoculations can be considered as an effective method to cope with the destructive effects of drought.

Keywords:

Bio-priming, food security, PGPB stress tolerance index, Triticum aestivum, water use efficiency,

PDF

___

Ayrancı R, Sade B, Soylu S, 2017. Ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin verim ve fenolojik özelliklerinin tane doldurma dönemindeki kuraklık stresine tepkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26:112-118.
Ceritoglu M, Şahin S, Erman M, 2018. Effects of vermicompost on plant growth and soil structure. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 32(3):607-615.
Cheng N, Wang B, Wu P, Lee X, Xing Y, Chen M, Gao B, 2021. Adsorption of emerging contaminants from water and wastewater by modified biochar: A review. Environmental Pollution, 273:116448.
Danish S, Zahar-ul-Hye M, 2019. Co-application of ACC-deaminase producing PGPR and timber-waste biochar improves pigments formation, growth and yield of wheat under drought stress. Scientific Reports, 9:5999.
Erman M, Kotan R, Çakmakçı R, Çığ F, Karagöz K, Sezen M, 2010. Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria isolated from Van Lake Basin on the growth and quality properties in wheat and sugar beet. Turkey IV. Organic Farming Symposium, June 28-July 1, Erzurum, Turkey, pp:325-329.
Gargallo-Garriga A, Sardans J, Pérez-Trujillo M, Rivas-Ubach A, Oravec M, Vecerova K, Urban O, Jentsch A, Kreyling J, Beierkuhnlein C, Parella T, Penuelas J, 2014. Opposite metabolic responses of shoots and roots to drought. Scientific Reports, 4:6829.
Glick BR, 2020. Beneficial Plant-Bacterial Interactions. Springer Nature Switzerland. Cham.
Guo X, Xin Z, Yang T, Ma X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Ren Y, Lin T, 2020. Metabolomics response for drought stress tolerance in chinese wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum). Plants, 9(4):520.
Ijaz M, Tahir M, Shahid M. Ul-Allah S, Sattar A, Sher A, Mahmood K, Hussain M, 2019. Combined application of biochar and PGPR consortia for sustainable production of wheat under semiarid conditions with a reduced dose of synthetic fertilizer. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 50:449-458.
Ji X, Shiran B, Wan J, Lewis DC, Jenkins CLD, Condon AG, Richards RA, Dolferus R, 2010. Importance of pre‐anthesis anther sink strength for maintenance of grain number during reproductive stage water stress in wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment, 33(6):926-942.
Kalayci M, 2005. Use JUMP with examples and Anova models for agricultural research. Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute Directorate, Erzurum.
Liu S, Li X, Larsen DH, Zhu X, Song F, Liu F, 2016. Drought priming at vegetative growth stage enhances nitrogen‐use efficiency under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress in wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 203(1):29-40.
Louca S, Polz MF, Mazel F, Albright MBN, Huber JA, O’Connor MI, Ackermann M, Hahn AS, Srivastava DS, Crowe SA, Doebeli M, Parfrey LW, 2018. Function and functional redundancy in microbial systems. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2:936-943.
Marthandan V, Geetha, R, Kumutha K, Renganathan VG, Karthikeyan A, Ramalingam J, 2020. Seed priming: A feasible strategy to enhance drought tolerance in crop plants. Molecular Sciences, 21(21):8258.
Ojuederie OB, Olanrewaju OS, Babalola OO, 2019. Plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mitigation of drought stress in crop plants: Implications for sustainable agriculture. Agronomy, 9(11):712.
Palansooriya KN, Yang Y, Tsang YF, Sarkar B, Hou D, Cao X, Meers E, Rinklebe J, Kim K, Ok YS, 2019. Occurrence of contaminants in drinking water sources and the potential of biochar for water quality improvement: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 50(6):549-611.
Raghuwanshi R, Prasad JK, 2018. Perspectives of rhizobacteria with ACC deaminase activity in plant growth under abiotic stress. In: Giri B, Prasad R, Varma A (eds) Root Biology. Springer International Publishing. Cham. pp:303-321.
Riyazuddin R, Verma R, Singh K, Nisha N, Keisham M, Bhati KK, Kim ST, Gupta R, 2020. Ethylene: A master regulator of salinity stress tolerance in plants. Biomolecules, 10(6):959.
Saikia J, Sarma RK, Dhandia R, Yadav A, Bharali R, Gupta VK, Sailia R, 2018. Alleviation of drought stress in pulse crops with ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria isolated from acidic soil of Northeast India. Scientific Reports, 8:3560.
Santoyo G, Guzman-Guzman P, Parra-Cota FI, Santos-Villalobos S, Orozco-Mosqueda MC, Glick BR, 2021. Plant growth stimulation by microbial consortia. Agronomy, 11(2):219.
Semenov MA, Stratonovitch P, Alghabari F, Gooding MJ, 2014. Adapting wheat in Europe for climate change. Journal of Cereal Science, 59:245-256.
Shafi MI, Adnan M, Fahad S, Wahid F, Khan A, Yue Z, Danish S, Zafar-ul-Hye M, Brtnicky M, Datta R, 2020. Application of single superphosphate with humic acid improves the growth, yield and phosphorus uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in calcareous soil. Agronomy, 10(9):1224.
Sonkurt M, Çığ F, 2019. The effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the development, yield and yield components of bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (Triticum durum) wheats. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(2):3877-3896.
Soumya P, Sharma S, Meena MK, Pandey R, 2021. Response of diverse bread wheat genotypes in terms of root architectural traits at seedling stage in response to low phosphorus stress. Plant Physiology Reports, 26:152-161.
Wang J, Li R, Zhang H, Wei G, Li Z, 2020b. Beneficial bacteria activate nutrients and promote wheat growth under conditions of reduced fertilizer application. BMC Microbiology, 20:38.
Wang L, O’Connor D, Rinklebe J, Ok YS, Tsang DCW, Shen Z, Hou D, 2020a. Biochar aging: Mechanisms, physicochemical changes, assessment, and ımplications for field applications. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(23):14797-14814.
Yang F, Xu ZB, Yu L, Gao B, Xu XY, Zhao L, Cao XD, 2018. Kaolinite enhances the stability of the dissolvable and undissolvable fractions of biochar via different mechanisms. Environmental Science & Technology, 52:8321-8329.