Eda ERMAĞAN ÇAĞLAR, Tuğba TÜRK, Yasemin SANAL

Zorbalığa Dair Bilişsel Yargıların, Tepkisel ve Amaca Yönelik Saldırganlığın Aile İçi Şiddet Olgusu Açısından İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada, cinsiyet, aile içi şiddete tanık olma, şiddete maruz kalma, maruz kalınan ve tanık olunan şiddet türü açısından zorbalığa dair bilişsel yargıların farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesi; zorbalığa dair bilişlerin tepkisel ve amaçlı saldırganlıkla ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, İstanbul ilinde öğrenim gören 11-15 yaş grubu öğrencilerin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Zorbalığa Dair Bilişler Ölçeği; Tepkisel ve Amaçlı Saldırganlık Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için pearson korelasyon analizi; yordama durumunun incelenmesinde lineer regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Fark testlerine yönelik analizlerde ise ilişkisiz grup t testi, Kruskal Wallis ve Mann Witney U testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu %50.7’si (152) kadın, %49.3’ü (148) erkek olmak üzere 300 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Grubun yaş ortalaması 12.49 olup, çalışma grubundaki en büyük katılımcının 15 en küçük katılımcının ise 11 yaşında olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma grubunun %30’u (90) şiddete maruz kaldığını, %62.7’si (188) şiddete maruz kalmadığını belirtmiştir. Analizlerde, zorbalığa dair bilişsel yargıların, tepkisel ve amaca yönelik saldırganlık sonucunun tahmin edilmesinde anlamlı seviyede (b = -.34, t(298) = 6.30, p < .001) etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Zorbalığa dair bilişlerin aynı zamanda önemli oranda tepkisel ve amaca yönelik saldırganlık testinin sonuçlarının varyansını (R2 = .12, F(1, 793) = 39.58, p < .001) açıkladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda aile içi şiddete tanık olma ve maruz kalmanın zorbalığa dair bilişlerde farklılık yaratmış olduğu ve zorbalık davranışını göstermede ve normalleştirmede istatisksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Buna karşılık, şiddetin türünün ve şiddetin kim tarafından uygulandığının zorbalığa dair bilişlerde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında aile içi şiddetin neden olduğu zorbalıkla ilgili bilişsel yargılamalardaki bu değişikliğin, kişi zorbalık davranışları göstermese bile zorbalık döngüsünün sürekliliğini destekleyen tutumlara yol açtığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

zorbalık, bilişsel yargılar, tepkisel saldırganlık, amaca yönelik saldırganlık, aile içi şiddet

Investigation of Cognitive Judgments about Bullying, Reactive and Goal-Directed Aggression in terms of Domestic Violence

The aim of this study is to determine whether cognitive judgments about bullying differ in terms of gender, witnessing domestic violence, exposure to violence, and the type of violence experienced and witnessed, and to investigate the relationship between bullying and reactive and goal-directed aggression. This study was conducted with the participation of 11-15-year-old students in Istanbul. As a data collection tool, Cognition Questionnaire about Bullying, Reactive and Goal-directed Aggression Scale and Personal Information Form were used. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between variables; linear regression analysis was used to investigate the predictive status. In the analysis for difference tests, unrelated group t test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Witney U tests were applied. The study group consisted of 300 people, 50.7% (152) of which are women and 49.3% (148) of which are men. The mean age of the group was 12.49 and the oldest participant in the study group was 15 years old and the youngest participant was 11 years old. 30% (90) of the study group stated that they were exposed to violence and 62.7% (188) stated that they were not exposed to violence. Analysis showed that cognitions related bullying was effective in predicting the result of reactive and proactive aggression (b = -.34, t(298) = 6.30, p < .001). It was concluded that the cognitions related bullying also explains the variance (R 2 = .12, F(1, 793) = 39.58, p < .001) of the results of the significant reactive and proactive aggression test. As a result of this study, it was found that witnessing and being exposed to domestic violence made a difference in cognitions about bullying and had a statistically significant effect on showing and normalizing bullying behavior. On the other hand, it was concluded that the type of violence and by whom the violence is applied does not have a statistically significant effect on bullying cognitions. In the light of the information obtained, it was concluded that this change in cognitive judgments related to bullying caused by domestic violence leads to attitudes that support the continuity of the bullying cycle even if the person does not show bullying behaviors.

Keywords:

cognitive judgements reactive aggression, proactive aggression, domestic violence, bullying, bullying,

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