SİMGESEL PEYZAJ TASARIMI ARACILIĞIYLA KİMLİĞİN SERGİLENMESİ

Sürekli değişen dünyada tutarlılık insanlar için vazgeçilmez bir ihtiyaçtır ve tutarlılığın arayışında mekanlarla kurulan duygusal bağlar, psikolojik dengenin önemli bir bileşenidirler. Bu nedenle insan-mekan etkileşiminin sonucu oluşan yer kimliği, yere bağlılık, yer duygusu gibi kavramlar çevresel psikoloji ve çevresel tasarım alanlarında son yıllarda daha sıklıkla dile getirilmektedirler. Bu araştırmada yer kimliği kavramına odaklanılmıştır. Mekanın tasarlanması süreci içinde kimlik ve simgesellik nasıl ele alınır? Bir topluma ait değerler ve kimlik, mekan bileşen ve öğeleriyle nasıl ilişkilendirilir? Bu sorulara ilişkin çevresel tasarım ve çevresel psikoloji alanında önemli bir boşluk vardır. Tasarımcıların yerin kimliğini göz önünde bulundurarak yerin oluşumunda neleri önemsediği, neleri daha sık kullandığı bu çalışmada anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü’nde farklı yıllarda toplam 97 son sınıf öğrencisi ile yürütülen araştırmada öğrencilere Trabzon’daki bir kent parkında simgesel bir mekan tasarlanacağı; bu durumda öğrencilerin tasarım konseptleri, tasarlanacak mekanın türü, mekanda yer alacak etkinlikler ve mekan bileşenlerinin neler olacağı sorusu yöneltilmiştir. Konseptlerin sınıflandırılması en çok kentin kültürel özelliklerine, daha sonra sosyal özelliklerine ve ardından doğal özelliklerine odaklanıldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca mekan türleri, etkinlikler ve mekan bileşenlerine ilişkin analizler de yürütülmüştür. Kente ilişkin kültürel ve sosyal özelliklerin ve kentle özdeşleşmiş etkinliklerin (horon/kolbastı oynamak, kemençe dinlemek, hamsi şöleni vb. gibi) ağırlık kazanması yerel kimliğe ağırlık verildiğini, milli/ulusal kimliğin de vurgulandığı ancak yerel kimlik kadar tasarım kararlarına yansımadığı saptanmıştır.

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