AÇIKLANMIŞ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ÜSTÜNLÜKLER İNDEKSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE AB ADAY ÜLKELERİ ENERJİ SEKTÖRÜ REKABET GÜCÜ ANALİZİ (2006-2016)

Küresel yapının ivmelediği hızlı ekonomik büyüme, nüfus artışı ve şehirleşme; hem ulusal hem uluslararası arenanın en önemli gündem konusudur. Bu çalışma gelişmiş ekonomileri temsil eden AB 28 ülkelerinin dünya ticaretindeki enerji sektörü rekabet gücü analizinin yanı sıra, AB aday ülkelerinin de bu sektördeki rekabet güçlerini test etmektedir. Çalışma da Balassa’nın Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler (Revealed Comparative Advantages – RCA) indeksi kullanılmak suretiyle AB 28 ülkeleri ve AB aday ülkelerinin enerji sektörü rekabet gücü ölçümlemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hesaplamalarda SITC Rev 3 çerçevesinde 3. basamakta yer alan verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular incelenen ülkelerden sadece Karadağ ve Arnavutluk’un enerji sektöründeki rekabet avantajını göstermektedir (2016 yılı için). Bu genel değerlendirmeye karşılık Karadağ’ın 3.32 “Taş, Kok ve Briket Kömürü” ticaretinde çok yüksek bir rekabet avantajı ortaya koyduğu, Arnavutluk’un 3.33 “Petrol ve Petrolden Elde Edilen Ürünler” de çok yüksek olmasa da belirgin bir rekabet üstünlüğü sergilediği gözlenmektedir. Türkiye’nin ise 3.35 “Elektrik Enerjisi” alt basamağında sahip olduğu rekabet avantajını yıllar itibariyle kaybederek, üstünlüğü Karadağ, Bosna-Hersek, Sırbistan ve Arnavutluk’a kaptırdığı dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rekabet Gücü, Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler, Enerji Sektörü, AB, AB Aday Ülkeleri

EU CANDIDATE COUNTRIES’ ENERGY SECTOR COMPETITIVENES ANALYSIS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE INDEX (2006-2016)

Rapid economic growth, population art and urbanization accelerated by global structure; they are the most important agendas of both national and international arena. In addition to analyzing the competitiveness of the energy sector in the world trade of the EU 28 countries which represent developed economies, EU candidate countries’ competitiveness in this sector are also tested. In the study, energy sector competitiveness measurement of EU 28 countries and EU candidate countries was carried out using Balassa's Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) index. In the calculations, in the third step of the SITC Rev 3 framework are used. Result of this study shows that only Montenegro and Albania have a global competitive advantage in energy sector (for the year 2016). In response to this general assessment, Montenegro's 3.32 "Coal, Coke And Briquettes" trade showed a very high competitive advantage, and also it is observed that Albania's 3.33 "Petroleum, Petroleum Products And Related Materials" show a significant competitive advantage, though not very high. Turkey has lost its competitive advantage under the 3:35 "Electric Current" stage year to year against Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania.

Keywords:

Competitivenes, Revealed Comparative Advantages, Energy Sector, EU, EU Candidate Countries,

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