Objective: To determine reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the "Nursing Work Index-The Practice Work Environment Scale" developed by Lake in the United States of America. Method: This methodological study was conducted in four private hospitals in one province in the Marmara Region, between February and May, 2010. This Likert-type scale consisting of 31 items and five subscales was given to 40 nurses for the pilot study after language and content validity studies. Data was gathered from 346 nurses after obtaining ethical approval and official permission from the relevant hospitals' administrations. Results: The scale was reviewed for the content validity by six nursing faculty members who were experts on nursing research or management and revised according to the recommendations. The construct validity of the scale was done using confirmatory factor analysis and factor loads of the items were found between 0.50 and 0.90. The correlation coefficient of the score of each item and the scale score was r=0.33?0.69; the correlation coefficient of each subscale item and the subscale score was r=0.58?0.88; and the correlation coefficient of the subscale score and the scale score was r=0.74?0.85. There was a positive, strong, and statistically significant correlation between the results p0.05 . Conclusion: The results of this study determined that the Turkish version of the Nursing Work Index-The Practice Work Environment Scale was valid and reliable and could be used in nursing research and practice in Turkey.