Koyunlarda Üremenin Denetlenmesinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Neolitik Çağ’da (M.Ö. 7-6) evcilleştirilmiş olan koyun, eski insanlardan beri günümüze kadar yün, et ve süt üretimi amacıyla yetiştirilmektedir. Türkiye’de de neredeyse her bölgede çeşitli koyun ırklarının (Merinos, Akkaraman, Morkaraman, Dağlıç, Kıvırcık, İvesi, Sakız, İmroz, Tuj, Hemşin, Herik) yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır. Dünyada koyun sayısında bir artış gözlenirken ülkemizde 1980’de koyun varlığı 46 milyon iken bugün bu sayının 31 milyona gerilediği görülmektedir. Daha verimli bir üretim için teknolojiden faydalanarak modern yetiştiricilik hedeflenmelidir. Bu amaçla koyun yetiştiriciliğinde masraflar artırmadan iyi verim elde etmek ve hayvanların üreme performanslarını üst seviyeye çıkarmak için çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Teknolojik yeniliklere ilaveten doğal yöntemler ve çeşitli hormonlar kullanılarak koyunların üretimi denetim altına alınabilmektedir. Böylece dölverimde artışlar mümkün hale gelebilmektedir. Bu yöntemler başlıca; koyunların fotoperiyodik bir siklus düzeni olduğundan, ışık uygulamaları ve normal siklus içerisindeki hormonların (Progestagenler, PMSG, GnRH, PGF2α) taklidi yer alır. Bu seminerin amacı koyunlarda üremenin denetlenmesi amacıyla yapılan uygulamalar hakkında bilgiler vererek turlere göre uygun prosedürleri açıklamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hormon, Koyun, Üremenin denetlenmesi, üreme

Current Approaches In Control Of Reproduction On The Sheep

The sheep, domesticated in the Neolithic Age (7-6 BC), has been cultivated daily for the production of wool, meat and milk since the ancient times. In Turkey, almost in every region of the various sheep breeds (Merino, Akkaraman, Morkaraman, Dağlıç, Kıvırcık, Awassi, Sakız, İmroz, Tuj, Hemşin, Herik) are cultivated for production. While there is an increase in the number of sheep in the world, in 1980 the number of sheep was 46 million in our country, but today this number has decreased to 31 million. For more efficient production, modern farming should be targeted by utilizing technology. For this purpose, various methods are used to obtain good yield without increasing the cost of sheep breeding and to raise the reproductive performance of the animals to a higher level. In addition to technological innovations, the production of sheep can be controlled using natural methods and various hormones. Thus, increases in fertility can become possible. These methods are mainly; since sheep have a photoperiodic cycle, light applications and imitation of the hormones in the normal cycle (Progestagen, PMSG, GnRH, PGF2α) are involved. The purpose of this review is to explain appropriate procedures according to breeds, giving information about the applications carried out to control the breeder during sheep sheep

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