Rutendo MAGAYA, Tonderai MUTİBVU, David MBİRİRİ

Yerli Keçi Sütünün Besin Bileşimi ve Kalitesi ile Kırsal Toplumların Protein Beslenmesine Katkısı

Mevcut çalışmada keçi sütü tüketiminin kapsamı ve keçi sütü tüketiminin yetersiz olma nedenlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile Mutoko ilçesinde önceden test edilmiş, yarı yapılandırılmış 120 katılımcının yer aldığı bir anket kullanılarak bir anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. Mashona ve Matebele keçi ırklarından taze keçi sütü örnekleri toplanmış ve besin bileşimini belirlemek için bir Milko-scan FT 6000 (FOSS, HillerOD, Danimarka) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, keçi sütü tüketiminin düşük olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.Ankete katılan hanelerin yalnızca %14'ünde keçi sütü tüketilmektedir. Katılımcılar, bölgede keçi sütü tüketiminin geleneksel olarak yaygın olmaması (%57,70) ve istenmeyen keskin koku (%17,06) nedeniyle keçi sütünün az kullanıldığını belirtmişlerdir. Keçi sütü tüketimi ile sosyal statü arasında bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (%10.66). Yeterli inek sütüne ulaşabilenler (%13,96) keçi sütü tüketmemektedir. Çalışmada her sağımda keçi başına ortalama süt verimi 310.0±114.02 mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Yüksek eğitim düzeyi, keçi sütü tüketme eğilimi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir (χ2=246; df=40, p=0.000). Mashona keçi sütü, Matebele keçi sütünden daha yüksek laktoz (%4.36) ve protein (%4.77) ancak daha düşük yağ içeriğine (%3.45) sahip olmuştur. Keçi sütü, çalışma alanında daha az popüler olmakla birlikte, yerli keçi genotiplerinden elde edilen süt, kaliteli sütün kabul edilen değerleri ile karşılaştırılabilir besleme değerine sahiptir. Sütün kalitesi, verimi artırmak için besleme ve ırk seçimi müdahaleleri ile birleştiğind yetersiz beslenme tehdidi altındaki küçük toprak sahibi topluluklar için zengin bir besin kaynağı olma potansiyeline sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yerli keçi, Süt kalitesi, Yetersiz beslenme

Nutritional Parameters of Goat Milk and Its Consumption in Rural Communities

A survey was conducted using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire in Mutoko district to determine the extent of goat milk consumption and reasons for the possible low-to-non-consumption of goat milk. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected. Fresh goat milk samples were also collected from Mashona and Matabele goat breeds and analysed using a Milko-scan FT 6000 (FOSS, HillerOD, Denmark) to determine nutrient composition. Results from the study indicated that goat milk is lowly utilized – with only 14% of the surveyed households consuming goat milk. The respondents cited that goat milk was lowly utilised because goat milk consumption is traditionally uncommon in the area (57.70%) and has an undesirable strong smell (17.06%). Consuming goat milk was associated with reduced social status (10.66%). Respondents that had access to sufficient cow milk (13.96%) do not consume goat milk. Estimated mean milk yield per goat per milking, as reported in the study was 310.0±114.02 mL. High levels of education were associated with increased tendency to consume goat milk (χ2=246; df=40, p=0.000). Mashona goat milk had higher lactose (4.36%) and protein (4.77%) but lower fat content (3.45%) than Matabele goat milk. While goat milk is less popular in the study area, the milk from these indigenous goat genotypes is characterised by good nutritional value comparable to the accepted values of good quality milk. The quality of the milk, coupled with feeding and breed selection interventions to increase yield, has potential to be a rich nutrient source for small-holder communities threatened by malnutrition.

Keywords:

Indigenous goat, Milk quality, Undernutrition,

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