A new particle swarm optimization method for the path planning of UAV in 3D environment

Parçacık sürü eniyileme yöntemi nispeten yeni bir nüfus temelli yapay zekâ algoritması olup, eniyileme problemlerinde oldukça iyi performans sergileyebilmektedir. Bununla berber eniyileme süreci esnasında sürü içersindeki parçacıklar gittikçe birbirlerine benzemekte ve çoğunlukla da sürü içersindeki en iyi parçacık etrafında öbeklenmektedirler. Bu öbeklenme ise eniyileme sürecini genel çözüm yerine yerel çözümle sonlandırabilmektedir. Bununla beraber yöntem ilave mutasyon operatörü kullanılarak geliştirilebilir ve bu sayede sürü içersindeki çeşitlilik arttırılarak yerel çözüm yerine genel çözüme ulaşılabilir. Bu makalede öncelikle yöntemin matematiksel temelleri gözden geçirilmiş, çeşitlilik kavramı üzerinde durularak çeşitliliğin bazı parçacık sürü algoritmalarındaki davranışları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu çözümlemeye dayalı olarak geliştirilen periyodik mutasyon uygulamaları yeni parçacık sürü yönteminde uygulamaya konulmuştur. Geliştirilen yeni yöntemin verimliliğini göstermek için değişik test fonksiyonları ile yol planlama problemleri çözülerek farklı algoritmalarla karşılaştırmalara gidilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar periyodik mutasyon uygulamalarının etkilerini ve bu sayede elde edilen yüksek verimliliği teyit eder niteliktedir.

3 Boyutlu ortamda yol planlamasi için kullanilabilecek gelişmiş parçacik sürü eniyileme yöntemi

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is relatively a new population-based intelligence algorithm and exhibits good performance in optimization problems. However, during the optimization process, the particles become more and more similar, and gather into the neighborhood of the best particle in the swarm, which makes the swarm prematurely converged possibly around the local solution. PSO technique can be augmented with an additional mutation operator that provides diversity and helps prevent premature convergence on local optima. In this paper, mathematical analysis of a basic PSO is reissued and a diversity concept is evaluated in commonly used PSO algorithms including constriction factor PSO, inertial weight PSO, Gaussian mutation PSO, and a new vibrational mutation PSO combining the idea of mutation strategy related to periodicity. New algorithm is tested and compared with selected PSO algorithms. The comparative experiments have been conducted on a wide range of nonlinear functions and a path planning problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in three-dimensional (3D) terrain environment. The results give insight into how mutation operator effects the nature of the diversity and show that the addition of a mutation operator with a periodicity concept can significantly enhance the optimization performance.

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