Changes in $H_{2} O _{2}$ and peroxidase activities in strawberry plants under heat stress

Yüksek sıcaklık stresinin etkileri, yüksek sıcaklığa tolerant ve hassas olan Redlands Hope (R.Hope) ve Cal-Giant 3 (CG3) çilek çeşitlerinde araştırılmıştır. Bitkilerden alınan yaprak örneklerikademeli olarak 35, 40, 43, 46, 49, 52, 55 ve 60°C sıcaklıklara maruz bırakılıp kademeli yükseksıcaklık stresi oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, bitkilerden alınan yaprak örnekleri şok yüksek sıcaklıkstresi oluşturmak amacıyla doğrudan bu sıcaklıklara maruz bırakılmışlardır. Her bir sıcaklıkuygulamasında iyon sızıntısı, hidrojen peroksit ($H_{2} O _{2}$) ve peroksidaz (PRX) aktivitesiincelenmiştir. Kademeli ve şok yüksek sıcaklık uygulamalarının her ikisinde de iyon sızıntısı ve$H_{2} O _{2}$ miktarının CG3 çeşidinde R.Hopea gore daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Native -PAGEde 60ºC haricindeki bütün sıcaklıklarda bazik bir peroksidaz bandı tespit edilmiştir.Belirlenen bandın yoğunluğunun CG3te R.Hopea gore daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.Sonuçta, yüksek sıcaklığa tolerant olan R.Hopeda PRX aktivitesinin düşük olmasına rağmen,H2 O2 birikiminin ve hücresel za rarlanmanın da düşük olması, diğer savunma sistemleri ileilişkilendirilmiştir.

Sıcaklık stresi altındaki çilek bitkilerinde $H_{2} O _{2}$ ve peroksidaz aktivitesindeki değişimler

Effects of heat stress were investigated in two strawberry cultivars, Redlands Hope (R. Hope) andCal-Giant 3 (CG3), which are heat-tolerant and heat- sensitive, respectively.C ollected leaves fromthe grown plants were exposed to high temperature increased gradually to 35, 40, 43, 46, 49, 52,55 and 60 ° C to impose a gradual heat stress (GHS). Additional leaves collected from the plantswere also expose d directly to each temperature, to impose a shock heat stress (SHS). Electrolyteleakage, hydrogen peroxide ($H_{2} O _{2}$) and peroxidase (PRX) activity were evaluated fallowing eachtemperature . The electrolyte leakage and $H_{2} O _{2}$ levels were found higher in CG3 than R. Hope inboth GHS and SHS treatments. A basic PRX band was observed in all treatments except 60ºC onnative PAGE with different intensities. The intensities of the band were generally higher in CG3than R. Hope. In conclusion less $H_{2} O _{2}$ accumulation and cellular damage in heat tolerant cv. R.Hope in spite of less PRX activity can be correlated with the effects of other defense systems.

PDF

___

Arora , A., Sairam, R. K. and Srivastava , G .C . 2002. Oxidative stress and antioxidative system in plants. Current Science, 82 (10):1227-1238.
Arora , R., Pitchay, D.S. and Bearce, B.C . 1998. Water -stress - induced heat tolerance in geranium leaf tissues: a possible linkage through stres proteins. Phsiol. Plant. , 103: 24- 34.
Chaitanya , K .V ., Sundar , D., Masilamani, S. and Reddy, A .R. 2002. Variation in heat stres - induced antioxidant enzyme activities among three mulberry cultivars. Plant Growth Regul. , 36: 175-180.
Davis , B. J. 1964. Disc electrophoresis. Method and application to human serum proteins. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. , 121: 404- 427.
Foyer, C .H. , Descourvieres . P . and Kunert, K. 1994. Protection against oxygen radicals: important defence mechanisms studied in transgenic plants. Plant Cell Environ. , 17: 507- 523.
Premachandra , G .S. , Saneoka , H., Fujita , K. and Ogata , S. 1992. Leaf water relations, osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, epi- cuticular wax load and growth as affected by increasing water deficits in Sorghum, J. Exp. Bot. , 43 : 1569- 1576.
Gaspar, T.H. , Penel, C .L. , Thorpe, T. and Grappin, H. 1982. Peroxidases a survey of their biochemical and physiological roles in higher plants . Unıversıté De Genève Press. , Genève. pp. 10- 60.
Gulen, H. , Arora , R., Kuden, A., Krebs , S .L. and Postman, J . 2002. Peroxidase isozyme profiles in compatible and incompatible pear -quince graft combinations. J. Amer. Soc . Hort. Sci. , 127: 152- 157.
Gulen, H. and Eris , A. 2003. Some physiological changes in strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa) plants under heat stres. J. Hort. Sci. , Biotech. 78: 894- 898.
Gulen, H. and Eris , A . 2004. Effect of heat stress on peroxidase activity and total protein content in strawberry plants. Plant Sci. , 166: 739-744.
Chen, H .H. , Shen, Z.V. and Li, P.H . 1982. Adaptability of crop plants to high temperature stress . Crop Sci. , 22: 719- 725.
Havaux, M. 1993. Rapid photosynthetic adaptation to heat stress triggered in potato leaves by moderately elevated temperatures. Plant Cell Environ. , 16: 461 - 467.
Howarth, C. J. 2005. Genetic improvements of tolerance to high temperature . Alınmıştır: Abiotic Stresses: Plant Resistance Through Breeding and Molecular Approaches. (Eds.) Ashraf, M., Haris, P.J.C. Howarth Pres. Inc., NewYork.
Huystee , R.B .V . 1987. Some molecular aspects of plant peroxidase biosynthetic studies. Annu. Review Plant Physiol. 38: 205 - 219.
Jeffrey, A .A . 2002. Catalase activity, hydrogen peroxide content and thermotole rance of pepper leaves. Sci. Hort., 95: 277284.
Kesici, M. 2009. High Temperature Tolerance of Some Strawberry ( Fragaria  ananassa) Cultivars. (In Turkish with English summary). MSc Thesis, Uludag Univ. Inst. Natural Sci.,Bursa, Turkey. 49 p.
Kesici, M. , Ergin, S., Gulen, H. , Turhan, E ., Ipek, A. and Koksal, N. 2012. Heat- stress tolerance of some strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) c ultivars. Outlook Agr. (in press).
Kocsy, G ., Szalai, G., Sutka, J. , Paldi, E. and Galiba, G . 2004. Heat tolerance together with heat stress - induced changes in glutathione and hydroxyl methyl glutathione levels is affected by chromosome 5A of wheat. Plant Sci. , 166: 451 458.
Mazorra , L. M. , Nunez , M., Hechavarria , M., Coll, F. and Sanchez - Blanco, M.J. 2002. Influence of brassinosteroids on antioxidant enzymes activity in tomato under different te mperatures, Biol. Plant. , 45: 593 596.
Ledesma , N. A. , Kawabata , S . and Sugiyama , N. 2004. Effect of high temperature on protein expression in strawberry plants. Biol. Plant. , 481 : 73 79.
Ledesma , N.A. , Nakata , M. and Sugiyama , N. 2008. Effect of high temperature stress on the reproductive growth of strawberry cvs. Nyoho and Toyonoka. Sci. Hort. , 116: 186-193.
Lester, G.E . 1985. Leaf cell membrane thermostabilities of Cucumis melo. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 110: 506- 509.
Liu, X . and Huang, B. 2000. Heat stress injury in relation to membrane lipid peroxidation in creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. , 40: 503 513.
Manganaris , A. G. and Alston, F .H . 1992. Inheritance and linkage relationships of peroxidase isozymes in apple. Theor . Appl. Genet. , 83: 392- 399.
Nakano, Y. and Asada , K . 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate - specific peoxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. , 22: 867-880.
Ngo, T.T. and Lenhoff, H.M. 1980. A sensitive and versatile chromogenic assay for peroxidase and peroxidase- coupled reactions. Analytical Biochem. , 105:389-397.
Okuda , T ., Matsuda , Y ., Yamanaka, A. and Sagisaka , S. 1991. Abrupt increase in level of hydrogen peroxide in leaves of winter wheat is caused by cold treatment. Plant Physiol. , 97:1265 - 1267.
Reisfeld, R.A ., Lewis , U. J. and Williams , D .E. 1962. Disk electrophoresis of basic proteins and peptides on polyacrylamide gels. Nature. , 195: 281 -283.
Rivero, R. M. , Ruiz , J. M. and Romero, L. 2003. Influence of temperature on biomass, iron metabolism and some related bioindicators in tomato and watermelon plants. J. Plant Physiol. , 160: 1065 - 1071.
Saelim, S. and Zwiazek, J.J. 2000. Preservation of thermal stability of cell membr anes and gas exchange in high temperature - acclimated Xylia xylocarpa seedlings, J.Plant Phsiol. , 156: 380-385.
Sairam, R.K . , Srivastava , G. C . and Saxena , D .C . 2000. Increased antioxidant activity under elevated temperature: a mechanism of heat stre ss tolerance in wheat genotypes. Biol. Plant. , 43: 245 251.
Wahid, A. , Gelani, S ., Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. 2007. Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environ. Exper. Botany. , 61:199- 223.
Walter , M. H. 1992. Regulation of lignification in defense. Alınmıştır: Plant Gene Research: Genes Involved in Plant Defense. (Eds) Boller, T., Meins, F. Springer, Vienna, pp 327-352
Wang, S. Y. and Lin, H. S. 2006. Effect of plant growth temperature on membrane lipids in strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Scienta Hort. , 108 : 35 -42
Wang, S. Y. and Zheng, W. 2001. Effect of plant growth temperature on antioxidant capacity in strawberry. J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49: 49774982.
Wendel, J .F. and Weeden, N. F. 1989. Visualization and interpretation of plant isozymes. Alınmıştır: Isozymes in Plant Biology, (Eds.) Soltis , D.E. and Soltis , P.S. Dioscorides Pr ess, Portland, Oregon, pp. 5 -44
Xu, S. , Li, J. , Zhang, X. , Wei, H. and Cui, L. 2006. Effects of heat acclimation pretreatment on changes of membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant metabolites, and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in two cool-season turfgrass speciaes under heat stress. Environ. Exper. Botany. , 56: 274-285.
Yin, H., Chen, Q. and Yi, M. 2008. Effects of short-term heat stress on oxidative damage and responses of antioxidant system in Lilium longiflorum. Plant Growth Regul. , 54:45 54.
Yoshida , K. , Kaothien, P. , Matsui, T ., Kawaoka , A. and Shinmyo, A. 2003. Molecular biology and application of plant peroxidase genes. Appl Microbiol Biotech,. 60:665 670.
Zhau, R. G ., Fan, Z.H ., Li, X. Z., Wang, Z. W. and Han, W. 1995. The effect of heat acclimation on membrane thermo- stability and reactive enzyme activity. Acta Agron. Sin. , 21:568 572.