Şanlıurfa'da farklı mevsimlerde tohumlanan ineklerde gebelik oranı

Sütçü ineklerde fertiliteyi çok sayıda faktör etkilemektedir. Sıcaklık stresi ise bu faktörlerin en önemlilerindendir. Özellikle süt veren inekler, süt üretiminden kaynaklanan yüksek metabolik ısı üretimi sebebi ile sıcaklık stresine daha duyarlıdır. Şanlıurfa çok sıcak bir iklim yapısına sahip olup, yaz aylarında sıcaklıklar çoğunlukla 41.5 $^oC$ye ulaşır. Bu sebeple bu bölge, süt inek yetiştiriciliği için birçok risk faktörüne sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı, ineklerde mevsimsel farklılığın fertilite ile ilişkisinin ortaya konmasıdır. Çalışmada toplam 120 baş melez inek (holştayn X Yerli, Simental X Yerli) materyal olarak kullanıldı. Değişik mevsimlerde östrusa gelmiş ineklere suni tohumlama yapıldı. Suni tohumlama sonrası 60-90. günlerde ise rektal muayene ile gebelik tespiti yapıldı. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış aylarında doğum-ilk tohumlama gün sayısı; 47.5, 51.5, 46.5 ve 46.7dir (p>0.05). Birinci suni tohumlamanın gebelik oranı (%); ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış aylarında sırasıyla 70.0, 46.6, 60.0 ve 56.6 olarak tespit edildi (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, yaz aylarında tohumlanan ineklerin diğer sezonda tohumlananlara göre gebelik oranının istatistiki önemde olmasa da bir düşüşün olduğu saptanmıştır (p>0.05).

The pregnancy rate of cattle, which was inseminated in different season in Sanliurfa

The many factors may be influence the fertility of dairy cows. Heat stress is a major contributing factor on dairy cows fertility. Lactating dairy cows are especially sensitive to heat stress because they have high metabolic heat production associated with milk production. Sanliurfa is in very hot climate and temperatures in the summer usually reach 41.5 $^oC$. For this reason, this region has many risk factors for dairy cow breeding. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between season and fertility. A total of 120 cross bred (Holstein X domestic cattle, Simmental X domestic cattle) cows were used in this study. The cows in oestrus were inseminated artificially in four seasons. The pregnancy diagnosis in cows was performed by rectal palpation at 60-90 days after artificial insemination. As a result of this study, the parturition firs insemination days were 47.5, 51.5, 46.5 and 46.7 in spring, summer, autumn and winter groups, recpectivily (p>0.05). The rates of pregnancy were 70.0%, 46.6%, 60.0% and 56.6% in spring, summer, autumn and winter groups (p>0.05). As a result, the summer groups exhibited significantly lower pregnancy rate compared to the other seasons (p>0.05).

PDF

___

Aguilar I, Misztal I, Tsuruta S, 2010: Short communication: Genetic trends of milk yield under heat stres for US Holsteins. J Dairy Sci, 93(4), 1754-8.
Alaçam E, 1999: Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve İnfertilite. 2. Baskı, Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara, 1999; 25-29.
Bearden HJ, Fuquay JW, Willard ST, 2004: Applied Animal Reproduction. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 2004.
Berman A, 2011:Invited review: Are adaptations present to support dairy cattle productivity in warm climates?. J Dairy Sci, 94(5), 2147-58.
Daşkın A, 2005: Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Reprodüksiyon Yönetimi ve Suni Tohumlama. Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Dölerme ve Suni Tohumlama Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
De Rensis F, Marconi P, Capelli T, Gatti F, Facciolongo F, Franzini S, 2002:Fertility in postpartum dairy cows in winter or summer fallowing estrous synchronization and fixed time A.I. after the induction of an LH surge with GnRH or hCG. Theriogenology, 58, 1675- 87.
De Rensis F, Scaramuzzi RJ, 2003:Heat stres and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairycow-a review. Theriogenology, 60, 1139- 51.
Dikmen S, Ustuner H, Orman A, 2012:The effect of body weight on some welfare indicators in feedlot cattle in a hot environment. Int J Biometeorol, 56(2), 297-303.
Flamenbaum I, Galon N, 2010: Management of heat stres to improve fertility in dairy cows in Israel. J Reprod Dev, 56, 36-41.
Foster LA, Fourie PJ, and Neser FWC, 2009: Effect of heat stress on six beef breeds in the Zastrondistrict: The significance of breed, coat colour and coat type. South African Journal of Animal Science, 39, 224-228
Grimard B, Freret S, Chevallier A, Pinto A, Ponsart C, Humblot P, 2006: Genetic and environmental factors influencing first service conception rate and late embryonic/foetal mortality in low fertility dairy herds. Anim Reprod Sci, 91(1-2), 31- 44.
Murray BB, 2007:Maximizing performance rate in dairy cows. Ministry of Agriculture, Food And Rural Affairs.
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english /livestock/dairy/facts/84-048.htm. Erişim tarihi: 28.06.2012.
Osora K, Wright IA, 1992: The effect of body condition, liveweight, breed, age, calf performance, and calving date on reproductive performance of spring-calving beef cows. J Anim Sci, 70(6), 1661-1666.
Pennington JA, 2011: Heat stress in dairy cattle. Printed by University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Printing Services.
http://www.extension.org/pages/11047/heatstress- in-dairy-cattle. Erişim tarihi; 01.04.2012.
Reynolds WL, Derouen TM, Moin S, Koonce KL, 1979: Factors affecting pregnancy rate of angus, zebuandzebu-crosscattle. J Anim. Sci, 48, 1312-1321.
Rogers GW, Cooper JB, 2011: Genetic differences in fertility among U.S. Dairy Cattle Breeds.http://agwaste.com/~prodairy/index.p hp?option=com_content&view=article&id=70 03:genetic-differences-in-fertility-among-usdairy- cattle-breeds&catid=47:aiandbreeding& Itemid=73. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2012.
Roth Z, Arav A, Bor A, Zeron Y, Braw-Tal R, Wolfenson D, 2001: Improvement of quality of oocytes collected in the autumn by enhanced removal of impaired follicles from previously heat-stressed cows. Reproduction, 122(5), 737-744.
Sharpe PH, King GJ, 1981: Post-partum ovarian function of dairy cows in a tropical environment. J DairySci, 64, 672677.
Smith RD, Oltenacu PA, Erb HN, 2012: The economics of improved reproductive performance, dairy integrated reproductive management, IRM-17, Cornell University. http://www.wvu.edu/ ~agexten/forglvst/Dairy/dirm17.pdf. Erişim tarihi; 19.02.2012.
Smith RD, 2012: Factors affecting conception rate. Dairy integrated reproductive management, Irm-10. Cornell University.
http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/forglvst/dairy /dirm10.pdf. Erişim tarihi; 21.02.2012.
Tao S, Bubolz JW, Do Amaral BC, Thompson IM, Hayen MJ, Johnson SE, Dahl GE, 2011: Effect of heat stres during the dry period on mammary gland development. J DairySci, 94(12), 5976-5986.
TÜİK. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
http://www.tuik.gov.tr. Erişim Tarihi; 20.12.2011.
Varışlı Ö, Tekin N, 2011: Holştayn ırkı ineklerde vücut kondüsyon skorunun fertilite ve bazı reprodüktif parametrelere etkisi. Ankara Ünv Vet Fak Derg, 58(2), 111-115.
Yaylak, E, 2003: Siyah alaca ineklerde dölverimi özelliklerine vücut kondisyon puanının etkisi. Hayvansal Üretim, 44(1): 44-51.
Walsh SW, Williams EJ, Evans ACO, 2011: A review of the causes of poor fertility in high milk producing dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 123, 127138.
Willard S, Gandy S, Bowers S, Graves K, Elias A, Whisnant C, 2003: The effects of GnRH administration post insemination on serum concentrations of progesterone and pregnancyrates in dairy cattle exposed to mild summer heat stress. Theriogenology. 59(8), 1799-810.
Wilson SJ, Marion RS, Spain JN,Spiers DE, Keisler DH, Lucy MC, 1998: Effects of controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle. 1. Lactating cows. J Dairy Sci, 81(8), 2124-31.
Wolfenson D, Lew BJ, Thatcher WW, Graber Y, Meidan R, 1997: Seasonal and acute heat stres effects on steroid production by dominant follicles in cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 47, 919.