Nuran ÖZTÜRK OFLUOĞLU, Seyfettin ARTAN, Cemalettin KALAYCI

KURUMSAL KALİTE, EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜKLER VE GELİR DAĞILIMI İLİŞKİSİ: MINT ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

1980 sonrası bilişim teknolojileri başta olmak üzere birçok alanda yaşanan gelişmeler küreselleşme, ekonomik özgürlük ve kurumsal kalite düzeyindeki artışları hızlandırmıştır. Ekonomik özgürlüklerin, küreselleşme eğilimlerinin ve kurumsal kalitenin artması ekonomik büyüme, enflasyon ve gelir dağılımı gibi temel ekonomik değişkenler üzerinde önemli etkiler meydana getirmektedir. Bu etkiler ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermekle birlikte, etkilerin yönü konusunda tartışmalar mevcuttur. Özellikle küreselleşme, ekonomik özgürlükler ve kurumsal kalitedeki artışın gelir dağılımına etkisi konusunda araştırmacılar arasında bir konsensüse varılabilmiş değildir. Bununla birlikte birçok ülkede küreselleşme, ekonomik özgürlük, kurumsal kalite, dışa açıklık ve demokrasi düzeyi artıkça başlangıçta gelir eşitsizliğinin arttığı daha sonra ekonomik gelişmeyle birlikte gelir eşitsizliğinin azalma trendine girdiği görülmektedir. Çalışmada; kurumsal kalite, ekonomik özgürlükler, küreselleşme, dışa açıklık, demokrasi ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkileri 2000-2012 döneminde panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarak MINT ülkeleri için test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ülkelerin dış dünya ile ticari, ekonomik, politik ve sosyal entegrasyonundaki artışların, ülkelerin kurumsal yapılarındaki iyileşmelerin ve ülkedeki ekonomik özgürlük düzeyindeki artışların gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığını, buna karşılık demokrasi seviyesi ve doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarındaki artışların gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğini artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gelir Eşitsizliği, Kurumsal Kalite, Panel Veri Analizi, Ekonomik Özgürlük, Panel Veri Analizi

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, ECONOMIC FREEDOMS AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION: A CASE OF THE MINT COUNTRIES

After 1980s, developments in many areas, especially in information technologies, have accelerated the increase in globalization, economic freedom and institutional quality. These increasing trends have important effects on basic economic variables such as economic growth, inflation and income distribution. These effects differ from country to country and there are debates about the direction of the effects. There has been no consensus among researchers on the impact of the increase in globalization, economic freedoms, and institutional quality on income distribution. Nevertheless, if globalization, economic freedom, institutional quality, openness and democracy levels increase in many countries, at the beginning income inequality increase, but later income inequality decrease after economic development. In this study; the effects of institutional quality, economic freedoms, globalization, openness, democracy and foreign direct investments on income inequality between 2000 and 2012 were analyzed for the MINT countries using panel data analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that the increase in the nations’ commercial, economic, political and social integration with the outside world, improvements in the nations’ organizational structures and degree of economic freedom diminish income inequality, whereas the rise in the level of democracy and foreign direct investments increases income inequality.

Keywords:

Income Inequality, Institutional Quality, Panel Data Analysis, Economic Freedom, Panel Data Analysis,

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