Itır ÖZER, Hatice ÇAKMAK KARAÇAY

The Basic Dilemmas of the Modernist Development Paradigm's View Towards Culture

Özellikle 199O'lı yılların sonunda, modernist kalkınma paradigmasının kadın sorunu, etnisite, azınlık hakları gibi çeşitli konulara bakış biçimi mercek altına alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede, modernist kalkınma paradigmasının kültüre bakış biçimi de sorgulanmıştır. Pek çok sosyal bilimci modernist kalkınma paradigmasının kültüre bakışını örtük olarak farklı disiplinler altında ve farklı boyutlar çerçevesinde incelemiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, bu bu bilgiler ışığında, bu paradigmanın kültüre bakış biçiminin temel açmazlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.

Modernist Kalkınma Paradigması'nın Kültüre Bakış Açısının Temel Açmazları

Especially after the 1990s, as a result of the shortcomings that the modernist development paradigm features, the deficiencies of the modernist development paradigm concerning issues such as women's problems, ethnicity, and minority rights have been scrutinised. In this framework, the way the modernist development paradigm views culture has also been questioned. Social scientists have generally examined the modernist development paradigm's way of viewing culture implicitly under different disciplines and different dimensions. In this study, under the light of these studies, we aim to put forward explicitly the basic dilemmas of this view.

PDF

___

Adams, J. (2001) "Culture and Economic Development in South Asia", The American Academy of Political and Social Science (AAPSS), 573, 152-176.
Agazzi, E. (1993) "Cultural Development as a Goal for Mankind" in I. Kucuradi and E.Agazzi (eds.), Philosophy and Cultural Development, Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey Publications.
Ake, C. (1988) "The Political Economy of Development: Does it have a Future?", International Social Science Journal, 118, 485-497.
Alexander, A. and K. Kumaran (1992) Culture and Development: Cultural Patterns in Areas of Uneven Development, London: Sage Publications.
Amin, A. and N. Thrift (1995) "Globalisation, Institutional Thickness and the Local Economy" in P. Healey, S. Cameron and others (eds.), Managing Cities: The New Urban Context, London: John Wiley and Sons.
Amin, S. (1997) Capitalism in the Age of Globalization: The Management of Contemporary Society, New York: Zed Books.
Appadurai, A. (1998) "Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy" in Modernity at Large Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Asad, T. (1973) Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter, London: Ithaca Press.
Bhabha, H. (1994) The Location of Culture, London: Routledge.
Bell, D. (1976) The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, New York: Basic Books.
Bickerton, E. (2003) "Multiculturalism in Anthropology", Culture Wars, Essays 2003- 1. Available at http://www.culturewars.org.uk/2003-01/multiculturalism.htm
Bocock, R. (1992) "The Cultural Formations of Modern Society" in S. Hall and S. Gieben (eds.), Formations of Modernity, Cambridge: Polity with Open University Press.
Calaval, P. (1981) "The Region as a Geographical, Economic and Cultural Concept",International Social Science Review, 112,159-172.
Crocker, D. (1992) "Functioning and Capability: The Foundations of Sen's and Nussbaum's Development Ethic", Political Theory, 20, 584-612.
Dube, S. C. (1988) "Cultural Dimensions of Development", International Social Science Journal, 118, 506-511.
Elvan, L. (2002) "Bölgesel Gelişme ve Bölgelerarası Gelişmişlik Farkları" in S. Sayan(ed.), Yerel Ekonomilerin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınması ve Çanakkale Örneği, Ankara: Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Yayınları.
Eraydin, A. (1992) Post-Fordizm ve Değişen Mekansal Öncelikleri, Ankara: ODTÜ Mimarlik Fakültesi Matbaasi.
Eraydin, A. (2002) Yeni Sanayi Odakları: Yerel Kalkınmanın Yeniden Kavramlaştırılması, Ankara: ODTÜ. Mimarlık Fakültesi Matbaası.
Ercan, F. (2001) Modernizm, Kapitalizm ve Azgelişmişlik, İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.
Gasper, D. (1996) "Culture and Development Ethics: Needs, Women's Rights, and Western Theories", Development and Change, 4, 627-661.
Gbotukama, Z. (1992) "Voices from Africa" in Z. Gbotokuma (ed.), Cultural Identity and Under-Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Geneva: United Nations Publications.
Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books.
Gellner, E. (1988) Encounters with Nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Hamilton, P. (1992) "The Enlightenment and the Birth of Social Science" in S. Hall and B. Gieben (eds.), Formations of Modernity, Cambridge: Polity with Open University Press.
Harrison, L. and S. Huntington (2000) Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress, New York: Basic Books.
Hercsh, J. (1993) "Cultural Development? A Tentative Answer" in I. Kucuradi and E.Agazzi (eds.), Philosophy and Cultural Development, Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey Publications.
Holton, R. and B. Turner (1989) Max Weber on Economy and Society, London: Routledge.
Inglehart, R. (1997) Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Khan, H. (2004) "Development as Freedom", CIRJE Discussion Paper, 78.
Kim, Y. (1993) "Culture and Development: Toward a Conception of Cultural Development" in I. Kucuradi and E. Agazzi (eds.), Philosophy and Cultural Development, Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey Publications.
Kroeber, A. L. (1948) Anthropology: Culture Patterns and Processes, New York: Harcourt: Brace and World.
Kroeber, A. L. and C. Kluckhohn (1952) Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, New York: Vintage Books.
Kuçuradi, I. and A. Agazzi (1993) Philosophy and Cultural Development, Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey Publications.
Kumar, A. and F. Welz (2001) "Culture in the World System: An Interview with Immanuel Wallerstein", Social Identities, 7: 221-231.
Lash, S and J. Urry (1987) The End of Organized Capitalism, London: Polity Pres.
Leibenstein, H. (1978) "Population, Development and Welfare" in K. Button (ed.), The Collected Essays of Harvey Leibenstein, Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
Markovic, M. (1993) "Culture and the Prevalent Paradigm of Development" in I.- Kucuradi and E. Agazzi (eds.), Philosophy and Cultural Development, Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey Publications.
McClelland, D. (1969) Motivating Economic Achievement, New York: Free Press.
Myrdal, G. (1968) Asian Drama: An Enquiry into the Povery of Nations, New York: Harper and Brothers.
Nussbaum, M. (1992) "Human Funtioning and Social Justice: In Defense of Aristotelian Essentialism", Political.Theory, 20, 202-246.
Oruka, O. (1993) "A Philosophical Conception of Cultural Development" in I. Kucuradi and E. Agazzi (eds.), Philosophy and Cultural Development, Ankara: Philosophical Society of Turkey Publications.
Parsons, T. (1937) The Structure of Social Action, New York: Mc Graw Hill.
P a r s o n s , T . ( 1 9 5 1 ) S o c i a l S y s t e m , N e w Y o r k : F r e e P r e s s .
R o s t o w , W . W . ( 1 9 7 1 , ) P o l i t i c s a n d t h e S t a g e s o f G r o w t h , C a m b r i d g e : C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s .
S a i d , E . ( 1 9 8 3 ) T h e W o r l d , t h e T e x t , a n d t h e C r i t i c , C a m b r i d g e : H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s .
S a i d , E . ( 1 9 9 3 ) C u l t u r e a n d I m p e r i a l i s m , N e w Y o r k : K n o p f .
S c h e c h , S . a n d J . H a g g i s ( 2 0 0 3 ) C u l t u r e a n d D e v e l o p m e n t , C o r n w a l l : B l a c k w e l l P u b l i s h i n g L t d .
S e n , A . ( 1 9 8 5 ) C o m m o d i t i e s a n d C a p a b i l i t i e s , A m s t e r d a m : N o r t h H o l l a n d .
S w e d b e r g , R . ( 1 9 9 8 ) M a x W e b e r a n d t h e I d e a o f E c o n o m i c S o c i o l o g y , P r i n c e t o n : P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s .
T h o m p s o n , H . ( 2 0 0 1 ) " C u l t u r e a n d E c o n o m i c D e v e l o p m e n t : M o d e r n i s a t i o n t o G l o b a l i s a t i o n " , T h e o r y & S c i e n c e , 2 .
T o u r a i n e , A . ( 1 9 8 8 ) " M o d e r n i t y a n d C u l t u r a l S p e c i f i c i t i e s " , I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o c i a l S c i e n c e J o u r n a l , 1 1 8 , 4 4 3 - 4 5 7 .
T y l o r , E . B . ( 1 9 5 8 ) P r i m i t i v e C u l t u r e , N e w Y o r k : H a r p e r .
V a r i s c o , D . M . ( 2 0 0 4 ) " R e a d i n g a g a i n s t C u l t u r e i n E d w a r d S a i d ' s C u l t u r e a n d I m p e r i a l i s m " , C u l t u r e , T h e o r y & C r i t i q u e , 4 5 , 9 3 - 1 1 2 .
W a l l e r s t e i n , I . ( 1 9 9 0 ) " C u l t u r e a s t h e I d e o l o g i c a l B a t t l e g r o u n d o f t h e M o d e r n W o r l d - S y s y e m " i n M . F e a t h e r s t o n e ( e d . ) , G l o b a l C u l t u r e , L o n d o n : S a g e .
W a l l e r s t e i n , I . ( 1 9 9 7 ) " E u r o c e n t r i s m a n d i t s A v a t a r s : T h e D i l e m m a s o f S o c i a l S c i e n c e " , N e w L e f t R e v i e w , 2 2 6 , N o v e m b e r - D e c e m b e r , 1 - 1 6 .