İngilizce Genelleyici Olmayan the Belirli Tanımlığın Türk Öğrenciler Tarafından Yazılı Olarak Kullanımı

Bu çalışmanın amacı İngilizce'deki genelleyici olmayan (non-generic) the belirli tanımlığın (definite article) kullanımını Liu ve Gleason'un (2002) belirlediği birkaç farklı yazılı bağlamda (örn.,kültürel, durumsal, yapısal ve metinsel) incelemektir. Bu çalışma İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen orta seviyede bulunan 50 Türk öğrenciyi, ileri seviyede bulunan 50 öğrenciyle, İngilizce belirli tanımlığın aşırı kullanılması (kullanılmaması gereken bağlamlarda) ve kullanılması gereken bağlamlarda kullanılmaması bakımından kıyaslar. Ayrıca bu çalışma, İngilizce belirli tanımlığın bu bağlamlarda kullanılmasının farklı seviyelerde bulunan Türk öğrenciler için eşit oranda zor olup olmadığını da belirler. Veri Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksek Okulu İngilizce Hazırlık Eğitimi Programı'nda İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen Türk öğrenciler tarafından yazılan kompozisyonlardan oluşmuş olup nicel olarak SPSS programı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, bütün öğrenciler göz önüne alındığında, belirli tanımlığın kullanılması gereken bağlamlarda daha çok hatanın yapıldığını göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak, orta seviyede bulunan öğrencilerin belirli tanımlığı kullanmaları gereken bağlamlarda ileri seviyede bulunan öğrencilerden daha fazla hata yaptığını göstermiştir. Bu da öğrencilerin seviyeleri yükseldikçe belirli tanımlığı daha doğru bir şekilde kullandıkları anlamına gelmektedir. Ayrıca sonuçlar, ileri seviyede bulunan öğrencilerin belirli tanımlığı kullanmamaları gereken bağlamlarda orta seviyede bulunan öğrencilerden daha fazla kullandıklarını göstermiştir, fakat iki grup arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir

The Non-generic Use of the Definite Article the in Writing by Turkish Learners of English

The aim of this study is to analyze the non-generic use of the English definite article the in several different written contexts (e.g. cultural, situation, structural, and textual) identified by Liu and Gleason (2002). The study compares 50 intermediate and 50 low-advanced level Turkish learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in terms of overusing the definite article (in null article contexts) and omitting it in the above-mentioned major contexts. The study also determines whether or not the usage of the definite article in each of the contexts is equally problematic for the Turkish learners in different proficiency groups. The data consist of essays written by Turkish learners enrolled in the English Preparatory School of the School of Foreign Languages at Hacettepe University and were analyzed quantitatively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that all learners omitted more definite articles than they overused them. In addition, the intermediate group omitted more definite articles than the low-advanced group suggesting that as learners become proficient in English, their use of the definite article improves. The results also show that the low-advanced group overused more definite articles than the intermediate group but this difference was not significant

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Cultural: “Getting married in ___ future people are careful due to the above reasons” (30ADV).
Structural: “For example in Turkey ____ sister in law and mother in law relationship is very important to be family” (2INT).
Textual: “For example an English woman married a Spanish man and they live together in Spain. But she usually don’t understand her husband behavior. Because ____ man said moodly. He wanted cup of tea” (8INT).
Overuse of the in Null Article Contexts Cultural: “Finally in the time everything is okey. Two people after congratulated lots of problem. They will different problem for example” (10INT).
General Reference: “In conclusion, when people are get married, they have a lot of problems. This is the most important decision for the people’s life” (9INT).
Structural: “We know that the people who have not good education only become a heavy bag on the back of people who try to take advance” (41ADV).
Ungrammatical: “People travel abroad and they fall in love with the different country” (3INT).