Spor takımlarında kolektif yeterlik, öz-yeterlik ve sargınlık algıları ile başarı algı ve beklentileri arasındaki ilişkiler

Bu araştırma takım sporu yapan oyuncuların öz-yeterlik inançları,kolektif yeterlik inançları ve grup sargınlığı algıları arasındaki ilişkiler ile bu değişkenlerin takımlarının geçmişe, içinde bulundukları sezona ve geleceğe yönelik başarılarına ilişkin algı ve beklentilerini yordamadaki rollerini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini Ankara ili sınırları içinde faaliyet gösteren futbol, hentbol, voleybol ve buz hokeyi takımlarında oynayan tamamı erkek 186 lisanslı sporcu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği”, “Kolektif Yeterlik Ölçeği” ile grubun sosyal çekiciliği, grubun görev çekiciliği, grubun sosyal bütünleşmesi ve grubun görevde bütünleşmesi olarak adlandırılan dört alt ölçekten oluşan “Grup Sargınlığı Ölçeği”nden yararlanılmıştır. Özyeterlik inançları, kolektif yeterlik inançları ve sargınlık algıları arasında ilişki bulunup bulunmadığını belirlemek amacıyla, katılımcıların kolektif yeterlik puanları, öz yeterlik puanları ve grup sargınlığı ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam ve alt ölçek puanları arasındaki korelasyonlar hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular kolektif yeterlik inancı puanları ile grubun sosyal çekiciliği alt ölçek puanı dışında kalan sargınlık puanları arasındaki ilişkilerin anlamlı olduğunu, öz-yeterlik ile sargınlık arasında, sargınlığın grubun görev çekiciliği boyutu dışında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadığını, oyuncuların öz-yeterlik algıları ile kolektif yeterlik algıları arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Oyuncuların öz-yeterlik ve kolektif yeterlik inançları ile grup sargınlığı algılarının takımlarının geçmişe, içinde bulundukları sezona ve geleceğe yönelik algı ve beklentilerini yordamadaki rollerini belirlemek amacıyla verilere üç ayrı aşamalı regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Regresyon analizi denklemlerine oyuncuların öz-yeterlik ve kolektif yeterlik inançları ile sargınlık algıları yordaycı, geçmişe, içinde bulunulan sezona ait başarı algıları ile geleceğe yönelik başarı beklentileri yordanan değişkenler olarak sokulmuştur. Geçmişe dönük başarı algılarına ilişkin regresyon analizi sonuçları oyuncuların takımlarının geçmişte sergilediği performansa ilişkin algılarını anlamlı düzeyde yordayabilen tek değişkenin kolektif yeterlik inançları olduğunu göstermiştir. Oyuncuların içinde bulundukları sezona ilişkin başarı algılarını kolektif yeterlik inancı ve bu inancın yanı sıra sargınlık ölçeğinin grubun sosyal çekiciliği alt ölçeğinden alınan puanlar anlamlı biçimde yordayabilmektedir. Geleceğe yönelik başarı beklentilerini anlamlı şekilde yordayan değişkenler ise, kolektif yeterlik inancı, grubun sosyal çekiciliği ve grubun görev çekiciliğidir. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, görev gruplarında grup performansını etkileyebilecek öz-yeterlik inançları ve sargınlık algıları gibi değişkenlerin önemli ölçüde üyelerin kolektif yeterlik algıları tarafından belirlendiğini ve kolektif yeterlik algısının üyelerin grubun performansına ilişkin algı ve beklentilerini belirleyen en önemli değişken olduğunu söylemek mümkün gibi görünmektedir.

The relationships of collective efficacy beliefs, self efficacy beliefs and group cohesiveness with success evaluations and expectancies in sports teams

The present study was carried out to investigate the relationships among collective efficacy beliefs, self- efficacy beliefs and group cohesiveness in sports teams, and to determine the role of these variables in predicting players’ evaluations of their teams’ past and present performance, and their expectations about their teams’ future achievements. A sample of 186 football, handball, volleyball and ice hokey players completed “Collective Efficacy Scale”, “Self-Efficacy Scale”, “Group Environment Questionnaire”. To determine the relationships between self-efficacy beliefs, collective-efficacy beliefs and group cohesiveness product moment correlations between participants’ collective and self-efficacy scores and four cohesiveness scores they obtained from four subscales of Group Environment Questionnaire were calculated. The results showed that participants’ composite cohesiveness scores and Attraction to The Group-task, Group Integration-Task and Group Integration-Social subscales’ cohesiveness scores were significantly related to their collective efficacy beliefs. The relationship between group cohesiveness and self-efficacy beliefs was significant only in the case of Attraction to the Group-task subscale scores. The result also showed that there was a moderate correlation between participants’ collective efficacy beliefs and self-efficacy beliefs. Three separate stepwise regression analysis were conducted to investigate the role of collective efficacy beliefs, self-efficacy beliefs and perception of group cohesion in predicting players’ evaluations of their teams’ past and present performance and their expectations about future achievements. Collective efficacy beliefs, self-efficacy beliefs, perception of group cohesiveness served as predicting variables and participants’ evaluation of their teams’ past performance, present performance and future performance expectations served as predicted variables. The results showed that collective efficacy beliefs were the only predictor of participants’ past performance evaluations. Participants’ evaluations of their teams’ present performance were significantly predicted by their collective efficacy beliefs and their scores on Attraction to the Group-task subscale of “Group Environment Questionnaire”. Future achievement expectations were significantly predicted by collective efficacy beliefs, Attraction to the group-Social and Attraction to the Group-task subscales of cohesion measure. The overall results of the present study indicate that compared to self-efficacy beliefs and cohesiveness perceptions, collective efficacy beliefs of team players is a better predictor of their evaluations of and expectations about their teams’ performance

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