16. Yüzyılda Orta ve Güney Amerika'daki Misyoner Faaliyetleri ve Kıta Yerlileri Üzerindeki Etkileri

İspanya, Cenevizli denizci Christoph Columbus'un 1492'de Amerika kıtasını "keşfinin" ardından, kıtaya yönelik sömürgeci bir yayılma başlatmış, 16. yüzyılın ikinci yansına kadar süregelen fetihler, Orta Amerika'nın tamamını ve Güney Amerika'nın büyük bir bölümünü İspanyol egemenliği altına sokmuştur. İspanya'yı "Yeni Dünya"1 da yayılmacı bir politika izlemeye yönelten nedenler siyasî ve ekonomik olduğu kadar dinî niteliklidir. Şöyle ki, Katolik Hıristiyanlığın yeni keşfedilen toprakların binlerce yıllık yerleşimcilerine dayatılması, İspanyol Kraliyeti'nin başlıca amaçlarından biri olmuş, Roma Katolik Kilisesi tarafından İspanyol Kraliyeti'nin sorumluluğuna bırakılan bu misyon, Yeni Dünya'daki İspanyol fetihlerini meşrulaştırması bakımından özellikle önemsenmiştir. Bu amaçla yürütülen misyonerlik faaliyetleri, Orta ve Güney Amerika'nın "ruhanî" açıdan fethedilmesine yol açtığı gibi, bölgede İspanyol kültürüne ait unsurların yerleşmesine de ön ayak olmuştur. Bu çalışma ile amaçlanan, 16. yüzyılda Orta ve Güney Amerika'daki misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin Amerikalı yerliler üzerindeki etkileriyle birlikte incelenmesi ve sonuçlarının ortaya konulmasıdır.

Missionary Activities in the 16th Century and Southern America and Their Effects on Natives

Following the "discovery" of America in 1492 by the Genoese sailor Christopher Columbus, Spain started a colonial invasion all through the continent. Up to the second half of the 16th century, the great part of Southern and the hole Central America were conquered by Spain. The reasons leading Spain towards this colonial policy were not only economic or political but also religious. Christianizing the native Americans was one of the most basic aims of Catholic Spain assisted by the Roman Catholic Church as legitimated the conquest of the New World. The missionary efforts ended with the transmission of Catholicism and the Spanish culture. The aim of this article is to examine the missionary efforts that took place in Central and Southern America in the 16th century with the effects on Native Americans.

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