Otoimmun Hastalıklar ve İmmunoadsorpsiyon Tedavisi

İ nsan bağışıklık sistemi, zararlı olabilecek bir çok mikroorganizmayı tanıma, karşılık verme ve yok etmeye yönelik düzenlenmiştir. Bu savunma sisteminin temel bileşeni, sağlıklı hücre ve dokulardan yabancı antijenleri ayırt edebilme özelliğine dayanmaktadır. Bağışıklık sisteminin vücut içerisindeki önemli hücre ve dokuları yok etmeye başlamasıyla oluşan reaksiyon bir otoimmun hastalığa sebep olabilmektedir. Hasta plazmasından otoantibadilerin uzaklaştırılması için uygulanan bir ekstrakorporal teknik olan immunoadsorpsiyon, plazmafereze göre önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. İmmunoadsorpsiyon, patojenik antibadilerin ve immunkomplekslerin uzun süreli uzaklaştırılmasında daha hızlı ve güvenilirdir. İmmunoadsorpsiyonla ilk tedavi amaçlı müdahele 1970’lerin ortalarında uygulanmıştır. Bu derlemede, sistemik lupus eritematos’lu ve romatoid artrit’li plazmalarından antidsDNA antibadilerin ve romatoid faktörlerinin uzaklaştırılması için uygulanılan immunoadsorpsiyon tedavilerine ait seçilen bazı makaleler kısaca tartışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Otoimmun hastalıklar, immunoadsorpsiyon, afinite adsorpsiyonu, afinite tedavisi

Autoimmune Diseases and Immunoadsorption Therapy

The human immune system is structured to recognize, respond to, and destroy a wide variety of potentially harmful microorganisms. One major component of this defense system depends on its ability to recognize foreign antigens versus healthy cells or tissues. When the immune system begins to destroy vital cells and organs within the body, the resulting reaction can be the basis for certain autoimmune diseases. Immunoadsorption, an extracorporeal technique for the removal of autoantibodies from patient plasma, offers some advantages over plasmapheresis. Immunoadsorption appeared relatively rapid and safe for the extensive removal of pathogenic antibodies and immune-complexes. During the mid 1970’s the first application of therapeutic intervention with immunoadsorbents was reported. In this review, some selected applications on immunoadsorption therapies mainly for removal of anti-dsDNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus SLE and rheumatoid factors from rheumatoid arthritis patients plasmas are briefly discussed.

Keywords:

Autoimmune diseases, immunoadsorption, affinity adsorption, Affinity therapy,

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