DTÖ Anlaşmalarındaki Yükümlülüklerden Kaçınmaya Olanak Sağlayan İstisna Hükümleri

Dünya ticaret örgütü (DTÖ)nün 1995 yılında kurulması ile birlikte, çok taraflı uluslararası ticaret sistemi; DTÖ Kuruluş Anlaşması ekinde yer verilen Anlaşmalar çerçevesinde gelişmiştir. DTÖ, ayrımcılık yapmama, pazara giriş ve şeffaflık gibi ilkeler temelinde serbest bir ticaret sistemi kurmayı öngörmektedir. DTÖnün kurmayı amaçladığı serbest ticaret sistemi bazı hallerde ticaret dışındaki toplumsal değer ve menfaatler ile çelişebilmektedir. toplumsal değer ve menfaatler yanında, ekonomik bazı gerçeklikler ve gerekçeler de, üye ülkelerin DTÖ kurallarından sapan uygulama ve politikalar benimsemek istemelerine neden olmaktadır. DTÖ Anlaşmalarında sosyal ve ekonomik değer ve menfaatler ile ticaretin serbestleştirilmesine ilişkin kuralları bağdaştıran hükümlere yer verilmiştir. Genel olarak istisna hükümleri olarak adlandırılan bu hükümler belli şart ve usuller çerçevesinde serbest ticareti öngören hükümlerden sapmaya olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, istisna kurallarında yer verilen şart ve usullere uygun olmak kaydıyla, DTÖ Anlaşmalarında yer verilen yükümlülüklerden kaçınmak mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

DTÖ, İstisna Kuralları, GATT, GATS, Uluslararası Ticaret

Exception Provisions To Avoid The Obligations In The WTO Agreements

S ince the establishment of the World trade Organization (WtO) in 1995, the multilateral trading system has been developed under the Agreements annexed to the Agreement Establishing the WtO. WtO basically envisages establishment of a free trade system based on principles like nondiscrimination, market access and transparency. However, in some cases, free trade system, that the WtO aims to establish, may conflict with some social values and interests. Grounded on some economic realities and rationales, besides social values and interests, Member states may need to adopt practices and policies deviating from the WtO rules. WtO Agreements provide rules that reconcile economic and social values with rules aiming liberalization of trade. In general terms, under certain conditions and procedures, the so-called exception provisions allow deviation from the provisions envisaging the establishment of free trade. In this context, it is possible to avoid the obligations contained in the WtO Agreements provided that conditions and procedures under the exception provisions are met

Keywords:

WTO, Exception Rules, GATT, GATS, International Trade,

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