Historical Perception and the Political Impacts of History Theses on Kosovo

Historical Perception and the Political Impacts of History Theses on Kosovo

This study seeks to interpret the genesis of various historical interpretations and theories regarding the role of the geography dubbed Kosovo. This article examines national myths, both historical and contemporary, in order to duly ascertain the development of historical paradigms. Contemporary historiography can be postulated to still benefit from patterns in relation to the Balkans, patterns that were accepted as all-encompassing and that defined the concept of nationhood during the 19th century. The conclusions from those assumptions often continue to directly affect contemporary political patterns and paradigms. Notwithstanding, all these factors should be examined critically and without presumptions, using the greatest possible historical objectivity. Furthermore, the Balkan region per se can also be emphasized to not occupy nor to have ever occupied a special position in global historiography; all patterns of historiographical interpretation must be checked using the generally recognized criteria of historical science. Within this scope, the attempt can certainly be made to interpret the unconscious perception of the Balkans as an antipode to the not always clearly definable historical self-reception of Central and Western Europe as a legacy of the concept historicism itself.

___

  • Acham, Karl, “Über Nationalmythen” G. Zurstiege (ed.) : Festschrift für die Wirklichkeit. Bonn: Westdeutscher Verlag, 2002,s. 227-242. google scholar
  • Alan, Selami. Tanzimat Edebiyatı’nda Milli Kimlik İnşası. Kurgu Kahramanlığı Örneği. İstanbul: Kesit yayınları, 2018. google scholar
  • Akademia e shkenca ve e Shqiperise (Autorenkollektiv) .Historia e popullit shqiptar. : Tirana: Toena,2002. google scholar
  • Aşıkpaşaoğlu, Ahmet Aşıkı , .Tevarih-i Al -i-Osman , N. Atsız 1946 (ed.) Osmanlı Tarihleri, İstanbul: Türkiye Basımevi: 1946. google scholar
  • Balcer, Adam.” Kosovo-the question of final status.” CESStudies, 2003,48-63. google scholar
  • Barkan, Elazar, “Engaging History: Managing Conflict and Reconciliation”. History Workshop Journal 59 (1),2005, s. 229-236. google scholar
  • Barker, Elisabeth, The origin of the Macedonian dispute. In: Pettifer J. (eds) The New Macedonian Question. St Antony’s Series. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, s. 3-14. google scholar
  • Batakovic, Dusan T. Nova Istorija Srpskog Naroda, Belgrad: Nas Dom, 2000. google scholar
  • Batakovic, Dusan T. , Kosovo I Metohija. İstorija i Ideologija, Belgrad: Chigoja, 2000. google scholar
  • Berisha, Milot. Archaeological guide of Kosovo. Pristina: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport / Archaeological Institute of Koso vo. 2012. google scholar
  • Bevir, Mark, Objectivity in history. History and Theory, 33 (3),1994, s.328-344. google scholar
  • Bieber, Florian, “Nationalist Mobilization and Stories of Serb Suffering: The Kosovo myth from 600th anniversary to the present”, Rethinking History .the Journal of Theory and Practice , 6, 2002, s. 95-110. google scholar
  • Blumi, İsa, “The role of education in the formation of Albanian identity and its myths”. In: S.Schwandner-Sievers und B. J. Fischer (eds.) Albanian Identities: Myth and History. London, :Hurst&Company, 2002. google scholar
  • Bookman, Milica Zarkovic, Demographic Struggle for Power: The Political Economy of Demographic Engineering in the Modern World. London/New York: Routledge, 2013. google scholar
  • Bozbora, Nuray, Osmanlıyönetiminde Arnavutluk ve Arnavut ulusçuluğunun gelişimi. İstanbul: Boyut Kitapları, 1997. google scholar
  • Borlat, Barış. “Bursalı Mehmed Nihad Bey’in Askerî Tarih Yazıcılığı Üzerine Bazı Değerlendirmeler.” Türk Savaş Çalışmaları Dergisi 2.2 ,2021. 117-136. google scholar
  • Brunnbauer, Ulf. “Illyrer, Veneter, Iraner, Urserben, Makedonen, Altbulgaren... Autochthonistische und nichtslawische Herkunftsmythen unter den Südslawen.” Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 42(1-2), 2006, 37-62. google scholar
  • Bultmann, Rudolf. Das Problem der Hermeneutik. Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche, 47(1),1950, 47-69. google scholar
  • Cengizer, Altay, Osmanlı’nın Son Savaşı: Adil Hafızanın Işığında, İstanbul: Ötüken, 2017. google scholar
  • Cupic, Drago. “Der Kosovo-Mythos und Montenegro ”. In: ( Ed. Veselin. Duretic,) Die Schlacht auf dem Amselfeld 1389 und ihre Folgen. Belgrad: Balkanoloski institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, 1991. 329-340 google scholar
  • Daskalovskı, Zidas. “Claims to Kosovo: Nationalism and self-determination.” In: (Eds: F. Bieber, Z. Daskalovski) Understanding the war in Kosovo. Routledge, 2004. 27-44. google scholar
  • Deupmann, Christoph. “Die Unmöglichkeit des Dritten. Peter Handke, die Jugoslawienkriege und die Rolle der deutschsprachigen Schriftsteller.” Zeithistorische Forschungen-Studies in Contemporary History 5.1 (2008): 87-109. google scholar
  • Djokic, Dejan ,“Whose Myth? Which Nation? The Serbian Kosovo Myth Revisited.” In: J.M. Bak; J. Jarnut; P. Monnet und B. Schneidmueller, (eds.) Uses and Abuses of the Middle Ages: 19th-21st Century. München: Wilhelm Fink, 2009, s. 215-233. google scholar
  • Djordjevic, Ljubica, “Der Mythos vom Amselfeld in der serbischen Politik. Die politische Instrumentalisierung des kollektiven Gedachtnisses.” In: J.Panke, G. Schuch, M. Brosig, R. Kocot, A. Olearius, P. Stankiewicz (Eds.),Gegenwart der Vergangenheit. Diepolitische AktualitathistorischerErinnerung in Mitteleuropa. ,2007, s. 17- 24. google scholar
  • Duretic, Veselin. “Der politisch-historische Hintergrund der Tragoedie” Die Schlacht auf dem Amselfeld 1389 und ihre Folgen. Belgrad: Balkanoloski institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, 1991. 413-433 google scholar
  • Duda, Helge. Nationalismus, Nationalitat, Nation: der Fall Albanien. Unter Berücksichtigung des Kosovo. München: Verlag Ernst Vögler, 1991. google scholar
  • Dujzings, G.H.J. Religion and the politics of identity in Kosovo. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, (Promotionsschrift), 1999. google scholar
  • Emecen, Feridun, “I. Kosova Savaşı’nın Balkan Tarihi Bakımından Önemi”, Kosova Zaferi’nin 600. Yıldönümü Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 26 Nisan 1989, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu: 1989, s.35-44. google scholar
  • Emecen, Feridun. İlk Osmanlılar ve Batı Anadolu Dünyası, İstanbul : Kitapevi Yayınları, 2003. google scholar
  • Eren, Ahmet Cevat. Tanzimat Fermanı ve Dönemi. Istanbul: Derin Yayınları,2007. google scholar
  • Faber, Karl-Georg. “Auspragungen des Historismus.” Historische Zeitschrift 228.1 (1979): 1-22. google scholar
  • Fındıkoğlu, Ziyaeddin Fahrı . “Tanzimatta içtimai hayat.” (Ed.: A.H. Ongunsu) Tanzimat I. Yüzüncü yıldönümü münasebetiyle. Maarif Matbası, İstanbul, 1940. google scholar
  • Free, Jan. “Von den Schwierigkeiten historischer Bezugnahme: Der albanische Nationalheld Skanderbeg.”. In: http://www.mythosmagazin.de/mythosforschung/jf_skanderbeg.pdf . Doi: 06.02.2022 google scholar
  • Gadamer, Hans-Georg. “Hermeneutik und Historismus.” Philosophische Rundschau, 9 (4),1961, 241-276. google scholar
  • Gostentschnigg, Kurt. “Die Frage der albanischen Ethnogenese: Ein historischer Abriss ihrer Diskussion bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts”. Grazer Linguistische Studien, (66), 2006. 39-66 google scholar
  • Guzina, Dejan, “Kosovo or Kosova - Could It Be Both? The Case of Interlocking Serbian and Albanian Nationalisms”, In: F.Bieber und Z. Daskalovski (eds.), Understanding the War in Kosovo, London: Routledge, 2003, s.31-52. google scholar
  • Hasani, Sinan. Kosovo. Istine i Zablude. Zagreb: Centar za informacije i publicitet-Globus, 1988. google scholar
  • Hoxhaj, E. “Mythen und Erinnerungen der albanischen Nation. Illyrer, Nationsbildung und nationale Identitat.” TYCHE-Beitrage zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie undEpigraphik, 20,2005, 1-28. google scholar
  • Hristov, Ivo, “The Return of Turkey: The Return of Empire or Something Else....” In: A. Yalçınkaya und Ş. Yazgan (eds.) 4. Uluslararası Mavi Karadeniz Kongresi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum. “Çatışma Çözümü, İşbirliği ve Demokratikleşme İçin Yerel ve Uluslararası Perspektifler". Kongre Bildirileri Tam Metinleri 25-26 Kasım 2013 .Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul: Gündoğan Yayınları, 2013, s.13-26. google scholar
  • İnalcik, Halil, Ottoman Methods of Conquest. Studia Islamica, (2), 1954, s. 103-129. google scholar
  • İnalcik, Halil & QUATAERT, Donald, An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire: 1300 - 1914. Vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. google scholar
  • İnalcık, Halil, Stefan Duşan’dan Osmanlı İmparatorluğuna XV. Asırda Rumeli’de Hıristiyan Sipahiler ve Menşeleri. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Toplum ve Ekonomi Üzerinde Arşiv Çalışmaları, İncelemeler, İstanbul : Eren yay, 1996, s. 67-108. google scholar
  • İnalcık,Halil(Hrsg.) :An economic and social history of the Otoman Empire Vol II, Cambridge University Press 1998 google scholar lonescu-Niscov, Trajan. “Der Verrat als episches Motiv in der serbokroatischen, rumanischen und bulgarischen Volkspoesie.” Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie 17.2 (1940): 301-340. google scholar
  • Irmscher, Johannes, “Der griechische Befreiungskampf und die Begründung des griechischen Nationalstaates”, Klio. Beitrage zur Alten Geschichte 54, 1972, s. 61-370 google scholar
  • Jelka, Redep “Die Kosovo-Legende und die Geschichte über die Kosovo-Schlacht”. In: ( Ed. Veselin. Duretic,) Die Schlacht auf dem Amselfeld 1389 und ihre Folgen. Belgrad: Balkanoloski institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, 1991. 289-304 google scholar
  • Kayali, Hasan, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire 1908-1918, Berkeley/ London /New York :University of California Press, 1997. google scholar
  • Kaleşi, Hasan, ”Arnavutların milli bekasının esas amilleri olarak Türklerin Balkanları fethi ve İslamiyet’in yayılması”, I. Milletler Arası Türkoloji Kongresi: İstanbul, 15-20 X. 1973. tebliğler. İstanbul: Tercüman Gazetesi, 1973 (1979) , s. 141 -154. google scholar
  • Kosova Vilayeti Salnamesi (ohne Autorenangabe) , İstanbul : Matbaa-i Amire, (1314/1896). google scholar
  • Leustean, Lucian N. “Orthodoxy and political myths in Balkan national identities.” National Identities 10.4, 2008, 421-432. google scholar
  • Lotz, Christian.. “Im erinnerungspolitischen Sog. Debatten um die Erinnerung an Flucht, Vertreibung und die Ostgebiete im geteilten Deutschland.” Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung 59, no. 3 (2010): 323-343. google scholar
  • Morus, Christina. “The SANU Memorandum: Intellectual Authority and the Constitution of an Exclusive Serbian “People”.” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 4(2), 2007, 142-165. google scholar
  • İhsanoğlu ,Ekmeleddin (edit.):Osmanlı Devleti Tarihi,İRCİCA,İstanbul 1996 google scholar
  • Neşri, Mehmed, Kitap-i Cihan-Nüma /Neşri Tarihi, (eds.) M.A.Köymen, F.R. Unat Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.1957. google scholar
  • Njegos, Petar Petrovic / Schmaus, Alois (ed). Der Bergkranz. München/ Belgrad: Verlag Otto Sagner/ Prosveta, 1963 google scholar
  • Meinicke, Friedrich, Die Entstehung des Historismus. (Friedrich Meinecke Werke, Bd.3), München : R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1965. google scholar
  • Mihajlcic, Rade. Boj na Kosovu u istoriji i narodnom secanju. Beogradski izdavacko-graficki zavod. Belgrad: 1989. google scholar
  • Neumann, Iver B. & Welsh, Jennifer M. “The Other in European self-definition: An addendum to the literature on international society”. Review of International Studies, 17(4), 1991, s. 327-348. google scholar
  • Ongur, Hakan Övünç , Identifying Ottomanisms: The discursive evolution of Ottoman pasts in the Turkish presents. Middle Eastern Studies, 51(3), 2015, s.416-432. google scholar
  • Oran, Baskın, Türk Dış Politikası.Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular,Belgeler,Yorumlar. İstanbul: İletişim Yay. ,2001. google scholar
  • Ortaylı, İlber. İmparatorluğun en uzun yüzyılı. Istanbul: Kronik yayınları, 2019. google scholar
  • Ostrogorsky, Georg. Bizans Devleti Tarihi, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1999. google scholar
  • Papageorgiou, Stefanos, “The Genesis of the Greek and Turkish Nationalism in Cyprus, 1878-1914: A Common March at a Different Pace”, The Cyprus Review 9 (1), 1997, s.56-65. google scholar
  • Pavkovic, Aleksandar .”Anticipating the disintegration: nationalisms in former Yugoslavia, 19801990.” Nationalities Papers 25.3 ,1997, 427-440. google scholar
  • Petrovic, Petar Z. Raska.Antropogeografska Procuvanja. Posena Izdanja.. Vol. 26. Etnografski Institut Srpske Akademije Nauka i Umetnost. Belgrad: 1984. google scholar
  • Philipp, Thomas. Thomas Philipp. “Geschichtswissenschaft und die Geschichte des Nahen Ostens”. Saeculum 45.1 (1994): 166-178. google scholar
  • Philipps, John, Macedonia: Warlords and rebels in the Balkans., London: I. B. Tauris, 2004 google scholar
  • Puchner, Walter. Die Literaturen Südosteuropas. 15. Bis frühes 20. Jahrhundert. Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau, 2015. google scholar
  • Quataert, Donald. The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. google scholar
  • Radic, Radmila, “Der serbische Kosovomythos” J. Bahlke, S. Rodewald, T. Wünsch (ed.): Religiöse Erinnerungsorte in Ostmitteleuropa: Konstitution und Konkurrenz im nationen- und epochenübergreifenden Zugriff. ,Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2013, s. 823-832 google scholar
  • Rajkovic, Nikolina, The Post-Second World War Immigration of the Yugoslav Muslims to Turkey (19531968). MA thesis, Department of History, Budapest: Central European University, 2012. google scholar
  • Redjep, Jelka. “Die Erzahlung und die Volkslieder von der Schlacht auf dem Amselfeld”. Zeitschrift für Slawistik, 34(1-6), 1989, 64-71. google scholar
  • Ribeiro, Artur ; Wollentz, Gustav: “Ethics in the Practice of Archaeology and the Making of Heritage: Understanding beyond the Material.” Past Societies. Human Development in Landscapes (2020): 191-202. google scholar
  • Samardzic, Radovan. “Für das himmlische Reich”. In: ( Ed. Veselin. Duretic,) Die Schlacht auf dem Amselfeld 1389 und ihre Folgen. Belgrad: Balkanoloski institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, 1991. 207-214 google scholar
  • Schubert, Peter. Albanische Identitatssuche im Spannungsfeldzwischen nationaler Eigenstaatlichkeit und europaischer Integration. Peter Lang: Berlin, 2005 google scholar
  • Schmidt, Royal J. “Cultural nationalism in Herder.” Journal of the History of Ideas, 1956, 407-417. google scholar
  • Sotirovic, Vladislav B. , “National identity: who Are the Albanians? The Illyrian Anthroponymy and the Ethnogenesis of the Albanians”. History Research.1 (2), 2013, s. 5-24. google scholar
  • Starr, Harvey. War coalitions; the distributions of payoffs and losses. Lexington Books: Lexington, Mass: 1972. google scholar
  • Taştan, Yahya Kemal, “Kanonik Topraklardan Ulusal Vatana: Balkan Savaşları ve Türk Ulusçuluğunun Doğuşu. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, 12 (2), 2012, s. 1-99. google scholar
  • Tenbergen, Rasmus, Der Kosovo-Krieg - eine gerechte Intervention?, Bonn,: ILD-Verlag, 2009. google scholar
  • Türbedar, Erhan, “Turkey’s New Activism in the Western Balkans: Ambitions and Obstacles” ,Insight Turkey 13 (3),2011, s. 139-158. google scholar
  • Truhelka, Ciro, Übers.. Köprülüzade Ahmed, Bosna’da Arazi Meselesinin Tarihi Esasları, Türk Hukuk ve İktisat Tarihi Mecmuası (1),1931, s. 43-69. google scholar
  • Wangenheim, Thomas. Kultur und Ingenium. Eine fraktale Geometrie der Weltgeschichte. Waltersdorf: Schmidtsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2013. google scholar