“Korpus kallozum” beynin merkezindeki gizemli bölge

Asırlardır tanınmasına karşın görevleri hala tam açıklanamayan korpus kallozum, beynin hemen tam ortasında bulunur. Anatomik yapısı beynin diğer bölgelerinden oldukça farklı olup intra-uterin dönemde ve doğum sonrasında değişik etkenlerden kolayca zarar görebilir. Sayısız sendromlarda ek bulgu olarak görülebilir veya tek başına anatomik olarak disgeneziden ageneziye kadar değişikliklerle somatik, psikiyatrik, genetik hastalıklarda karşımıza çıkar. Son yıllarda ultrasonik ve MRI yöntemleri ile oldukça iyi araştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu derlemede korpus kallozumun tarih boyunca filozofik irdelenmesi, anatomik topografisi, morfolojisi, filogenezi ve ontogenezi incelendi ve pediatrik bozukluklardaki önemi araştırıldı.

“Corpus callosum” mystic region of the brain

Corpus Callosum (CC) is located in the middle part of the brain. Although it’s presence known since centuries, some functions still could not be well understood. Structure of CC is somewhat different from other parts of brain and easily be affected from several factors during pre and post natal period. Agenesis or dysgenesis of corpus callosum can be a part of several genetic syndromes or by itself is associated with some somatic and psychiatric diseases. Recently US and MRI greatly help to discover the disorders of CC. In this paper, the importance of CC in pediatric disorders and the philosophique, anatomic, morphologic, filogenetic and ontogenetic features during historical periods will be reviewed.

PDF

___

1. Tang PH, Bartha AI, Norton ME, Barkovich AJ, Sherr EH, Glenn OA. Agenesis of corpus callosum: an MR imaging analysis of associated abnormalities in the fetus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:257-63.
2. Bozgeyik Z, Burakgazi G, Şen Y, Oğur E. Age-related metabolic changes in the corpus callosum: assessment with MR-Spestroscopy. Diagn Interv Radiol 2008; 14:173-6.
3. Stephan KM, Binkofski F, Halsband U, Dohle C, Wunderlich G, Schnitzler A et al. The role of ventral medial wall motor areas in bimanuel co-ordination. A combined lesion and activation study. Brain 1999; 122:351-8.
4. Lausberg H, Göttert R, Münssinger U, Boegner F, Marx P. Callosal disconnection syndrome in a left handed patient due infraction of the total length of corpus callosum. Neuropsychlogia 1999; 37:253-65.
5. Acers TE, Blackwell C. Oculomotor corpus callosum dysplasia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1982; 80:172-83.
6. Dobyns WB. Absence make the search grow longer. Am Hum Gen 1996; 58:7-16.
7. Aboitiz F, Montel J. One hundred million years of interhemispheric communication. The history of corpus callosum. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:409-20.
8. Liepman H, Maas O. Fall von linksseidiger Agraphie und Apraxie bei rechtsseidiger Laehmung. Journal für Psychiatrie 1907; 10:213-27.
9. Mingazzini G, Probst M. Archiv Psychiatr. Die Totale und Partielle Balken Mangel 1902; 15:233-5.
10. Njikokitjien CH. Pediatric Behavioural Neurology. Remaekers G, Njikokitjien CH (eds). Amsterdam: Suyi Publication; 1991.
11. Popper KR, Eccles JC. Review of the self and its brain: an argument for interactionism. Psychol Issues 1997; 63:531-40.
12. Harrington A.Nineteen century idea on hemisphere differences and duality of the mind.Beh Brain Sci 1985; 8:617-60.
13. Kilian S, Brown WS, Halam BJ, McMahon W, Lu-J, Johnson M et al. Regional callosal morphology in autism and macrocephaly. Dev Neuropsychol 2008; 33:74-99.
14. Guerin P, Lyon G, Barthelemy C, Sostak E, Cheurollier V, Garreau B et al. Neuropathological study of a case of autistic syndrome with severe mental retardation. Developmental Medicine 2008; 38:203-11.
15. Barkovich AJ, Norman D. Anomalies of the corpus callosum: correlation with further anomalies of the brain. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988; 151:171-9.
16. Luders E, Narr KL, Hamilton LS, Phillips OR, Thompson PM, Vale JS et al. Decreased callosal thickness in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Biol Psychiatr 2009; 1:4-8.
17. Josse G, Seghier ML, Kherif F, Price CJ. Explaining function with anatomy: language lateralization and corpus callosum size. J Neurosci 2008; 28:14132-9.
18. Forget J, Lippe S, Lassonde M. Perceptual priming does not transfer interhemispherically in the acallosal brain. Exp Brain Res 2009; 192:443-54.
19. Gazzaniga MS. Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric communication. Does the corpus callosum enable the human condition? Brain 2000; 123:1293-326.
20. Fuchs F, Moutard ML, Blin G, Sanigo P, Mandelbrot L. Prenatal and posnatal follow-up of a fatal interhemispheric arachnoid cyst with partial corpus callosum agenesis, asymmetric ventriculomegaly and localized polymicrogyria. Fetal Diagn Ther 2008; 24:385-8.
21. Gupta JK, Lilford RJ. Assessment and management of fetal agenesis of corpus callosum.Prenat Diagn 1995; 15:301-12.
22. Tomasch J, Mac Millan A. The number of fibers in the corpus callosum in the white mouse. J Comb Neurol 1957; 100:165-8.
23. Miller M. Distribution and properties of commissural and other neurons in cat sensorimotor cortex. J Comb Neurol 1992; 164:361-74.
24. Levine M. Attentional variation and disfunction. In: Levine-Carey-Crocker (eds). Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1992. p. 468-76.
25. Sperry RW, Gazzaniga MS, Bogen JE. Interhemispheric relationship: Syndromes of hemispheric disconnection. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn G (eds). Handbook of Clinical Neurology Amsterdam: 1969.
26. Petrukhin AS, Kalinina LV, Velichko MA, Koviazina MS. Corpus callosum dysgenesis and interhemispheric dysfunction. Zh Nevrol psikhiatr im SS Korsakova 1999; 3:50-60.
27. Inbar D, Halpern GJ, Weitz R, Sadeh M, Shohat M. Agenesis of corpus callosum in a mother and son. Am J Med Gen 1997; 69:152-4.
28. Kita S, Lausberg H. Generation of speech gestures based on spatial imagery from the right hemisphere. Evidence from split brain patients. Cortex 2008; 44:151-9.
29. Hanay HJ, Dennis M, Kramer L, Blaser S, Fletcher JM. Partial agenesis of corpus callosum in spina bifida, meningomyelocele and potential compensatory mechanism. J Clin Exp Neurophysiol 2009; 31:180-94.
30. Lebel C, Rasmussen C, Wyper K, Walker L, Andrew G, Yager J, et al. Brain diffusion abnormalities in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1732-40.
31. Zembrzycki A, Griesel G, Stoykova A, Mansouri A. Genetic interplay between the transcription factors Sp8 and Emx 2 in the patterning of the forebrain. Neural Dev 2007;2:8.