Çocuklarda akut karına yaklaşım

Çocuklarda akut karın, halen tanıda ikilem yaşanan ve çocuk acillere başvurularda en sık rastlanan klinik bir durumdur. Akut karın ağrısı, hayatı tehdit eden durumdan cerrahi gerektirmeyen durumlara kadar farklı nedenlere bağlı olabilir. Her ne kadar laboratuvar ve görüntüleme yöntemleri tanıya yardımcı olsa da, hikaye ve fizik muayene daha önemlidir. Bu yazıda akut karın tanısı konulmasına yardımcı olan çalışmalar ve bu hastalara güncel yaklaşım gözden geçirilmiştir. (Gün­cel Pe­di­at­ri 2012; 10: 31-5)

Management of acute abdomen in children

Acute abdomen in children is still a diagnostic dilemma, and accounts for the majority of pediatric emergency admissions. The causes range from life-threatening surgical emergencies to benign non-surgical conditions. Although laboratory tests and imaging modalities may help to diagnose, medical history and physical examination are most important factors in children. This article reviewed the investigations that aid in the establishment of a diagnosis and the current management of an acute abdomen. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2012; 10: 31-5)

___

  • 1. Klein MD, Rabbani AB, Rood KD, Durham T, Rosenberg NM, Bahr MJ et al. Three quantitative approaches to the diagnosis of abdominal pain in children: practical applications of decision theory. J Pediatr Surg 2001;36:1375-80.
  • 2. O Donell B. Experience of acute abdominal pain in one children s hospital. In: O Donell B (ed): Abdominal Pain in Children. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific; 1985. p. 57-9.
  • 3. Scholer SJ, Pituch K, Orr DP, Dittus RS. Clinical outcomes of children with acute abdominal pain. Pediatrics 1996;98:680-5.
  • 4. Reynolds SL, Jaffe DM. Children with abdominal pain: evaluation in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 1990;6:8-12.
  • 5. Smith JK, Lobo DN: Investigation of the acute abdomen. Surgery 2008;26:91-7.
  • 6. Irish MS, Pearl RH, Caty MG, Glick PL. The approach to common abdominal diagnosis in infants and children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1998;45:729-72.
  • 7. Rothrock SG, Green SM, Harding M, Bervel D, Rush JJ, Pignatiello G et al. Plain abdominal radiography in the detection of acute medical and surgical disease in children: a retrospective analysis. Pediatr Emerg Care 1991;7:281-5.
  • 8. Warner BW, Kulick RM, Stoops MM, Mehta S, Stephan M, Kotagal UR. An evidenced-based clinical pathway for acute appendicitis decreases hospital duration and cost. J Pediatr Surg 1998;33:1371-5.
  • 9. Rothrock SG, Pagane J. Acute appendicitis in children: emergency department diagnosis and management. Ann Emerg Med 2000;36:39-51.
  • 10. Stringer DA, Nadel H. Techniques for investigation of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract. In: Stringer DA, Babyn PS (eds). Pediatric Gastrointestinal Imaging and Intervention. 2nd edition. Hamilton, Ont: BC Decker; 2000. p.15-74.
  • 11. Spencer PA. Pneumonia, diagnosed on the abdominal radiograph, as a cause for acute abdomen in children. Br J Radiol 1990;63:306-8.
  • 12. Shanon A, Martin DJ, Feldman W. Ultrasonographic studies in the management of recurrent abdominal pain. Pediatrics 1990;86:35-8.
  • 13. Dilley A, Wesson D, Munden M, Hicks J, Brandt M, Minifee P et al. The impact of ultrasound examinations on the management of children with suspected appendicitis: a 3-year analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2001;36:303-8.
  • 14. Karakas SP, Guelfguat M, Leonidas JC, Springer S, Singh SP. Acute appendicitis in children: comparison of clinical diagnosis with ultrasound and CT imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2000;30:94-8.
  • 15. Lowe LH, Penney MW, Stein SM, Heller RM, Neblett WW, Shyr Y et al. Unenhanced limited CT of the abdomen in the diagnosis of appendicitis in children: comparison with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001;176:31-5.
  • 16. Agresta F, Mazzarolo G, Ciardo LF, Bedin N. The laparoscopic approach in abdominal emergencies: has the attitude changed?: A single-center review of a 15-year experience. Surg Endosc 2008;22:1255-62.
  • 17. Dingemann J, Metzelder M, Kuebler JF, Ure B. Laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis in children: May a macroscopically normal appendix be left in situ? Eur J Pediatr Surg 2009;19:153-6.
  • 18. Joshi AV, Sanghvi BV, Shah HS, Parelkar SV. Laparoscopy in management of abdominal pain in children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2008;18:763-5.
  • 19. Caruso C, La Torre M, Benini B, Catani M, Crafa F, De Leo A et al. Is laparoscopy safe and effective in nontraumatic acute abdomen? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011;21:589-93.
  • 20. Buchert GS. Abdominal pain in children: an emergency practitioner's guide. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1989;7:497-517.
  • 21. Buddingh KT, Wieselmann E, Heineman E, Broens PM. Constipation and Non-Specific Abdominal Pain are The Main Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain in Teenage Girls Referred for Emergency Surgical Consultation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012;54:672-6.
  • 22. Green R, Bulloch B, Kabani A, Hancock BJ, Tenenbein M. Early analgesia for children with acute abdominal pain. Pediatrics 2005;116:978-83.
  • 23. Kim MK, Galustyan S, Sato TT, Bergholte J, Hennes HM. Analgesia for children with acute abdominal pain: a survey of pediatric emergency physicians and pediatric surgeons. Pediatrics 2003;112:1122-6.
  • 24. Kim MK, Strait RT, Sato TT, Hennes HM. A randomized clinical trial of analgesia in children with acute abdominal pain. Acad Emerg Med 2002;9:281-7.
  • 25. Yardeni D, Hirschl RB, Drongowski RA, Teitelbaum DH, Geiger JD, Coran AG. Delayed versus immediate surgery in acute appendicitis: do we need to operate during the night? J Pediatr Surg 2004;39:464-9.