Böbrek Hastalıklarının Endokrin Sisteme Etkisi

Kronik böbrek yetersizliğine KBY bağlı endokrin işlev de- ğişiklikleri üç mekanizma ile gerçekleşebilir: artmış hormon konsantrasyonu, azalmış hormon konsantrasyonu ve azalmış doku cevabı.

___

  • 1. Mooradian AD, Morley JE. Endocrine dysfunction in chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144:351-3.
  • 2. Emmanouel DS, Lindheimer MD, Katz AI. Pathogenesis of endocrine abnormalities in uremia. Endocr Rev 1980; 1:28-44.
  • 3. Kokot F, Wiecek A, Schmidt-Gayk H, et l. Function of endocrine organs in hemodialyzed patients on long-term erythropoietin. Artif Organs 1995; 19:428-35.
  • 4. Mooradian AD. Endocrine dysfunction due to renal disease. In: Becker KL, ed. Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001: 1908-12.
  • 5. Powell DR, Durham SK, Brewer ED, et al. Effects of chronic renal failure and growth hormone on serum levels of insulin-like growthfactor bining protein 4 (IGFBP 4) and IGFBP 5 in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:596-601.
  • 6. Rabkin R, Fervenza FC, Maidment H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of insulin-like growth-factor 1 in advanced chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1996; 49:1134-40.
  • 7. Mooradian AD, Morley JE, Korchik WK, Ma D, Shafer RB. Iodine trapping and organification in patients with chronic renal failure. Eur J Nucl Med 1983; 8:495-8.
  • 8. Hardy MJ, Ragbeer SS, Nascimento L. Pituitary thyroid function in chronic renal failure assessed by a highly sensitive thyrotropin assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66:233-6.
  • 9. Ritz E, Stefanski A. Endocrine disturbances of calcium metabolism in uremia: renal causes and systemic consequences. Kidney Int 1996; 49:1765-8.
  • 10. Lindall AW, Elting J, Ells J, Roos BA. Estimation of biologicaly active intact prathyroid hormone in normal and hyperparathyroid sera by sequential N-terminal immunoextraction and mid-region radioimmunoasay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57:1007-14.
  • 11. Wallace EZ, Rosman P, Toshav N, et al. Pituitary drenocortical function in chronic renal failure: studies of episodic secretion of cortisol and dexamethasone suppressibility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50:46-51.
  • 12. Rosman PM, Farag A, Peckham R, Benn R, Tito J, Bacci V, Wallace EZ. Pituitary-adrenocortical function in chronic renal failure: blunted suppression ad early escape of plasma cortisol levels after intravenous dexamethasone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 54:528-33.
  • 13. Vogt B, Dick B, N'gankam V, Frey FJ, Frey BM. Reduced 11-B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:811-4.
  • 14. Jensen LW, Pedersen EB. Nocturnal blood pressure and relation to vasoactive hormones and renal function in hypertension and chronic renal failure. Blood Pressure 1997; 6:332-42.
  • 15. Handelsman DJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dsfunction in renal failure, dialysis, and renal transplantation. Endocr Rev 1985; 6:151.
  • 16. Ferraris J, Saenger P, Levine L, et al. Delayed puberty in males with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1980; 18:344-50.
  • 17. DeFronzo RA, Andres R, Edgar P, Walker WG. Carbohydrate metabolism in uremia. A Review. Medicine (Baltimore) 1973; 52:469-81.
  • 18. Arem R. Hypoglycemia associated with renal failure. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1989; 18:103-21.
  • 19. Smith D, DeFronzo RA. Insulin resistance in uremia mediated by postbinding defects. Kidney Int 1982; 22:54-62.
  • 20. Fadda GZ, Hajjar SM, Perna AF, Zhou XJ, Lipson LG, Massry SG. On the mechanism of impaired insulin secretion in chronic renal failure. J Clin Invest 1991; 87:255-61.
  • 21. Hammouda AM, Mady GE. Correction formula for carbamylated haemoglobin in diabetic uraemic patients. Ann Clin Biochem. 2001; 38(Pt 2):115-9.
  • 22. Avram MM, Goldwasser P, Burrell DE, Antignani A, Fein PA, Mittman N. The uremic dyslipidemia: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 20:324-35.
  • 23. Wheeler DC, Bernard DB. Lipid abnormalities in the nephrotic syndrome: causes, consequences, and treatment. Am J Kidney Dis 1994; 23:331-46.
  • 24. Korman MG, Laver MC, Hansky J. Hypergastrinemia in chronic renal failure. Brit Med J 1972; 1(794):209-10.
  • 25. Howard JK, Lord GM, Clutterbuck EJ, Ghatei MA, Pusey CD, Bloom SR. Plasma immunoreactive leptin concentration in end-stage renal disease. Clin Sci 1997; 93:119-26.